Nuclear Energy Security: Emerging Trends and Pakistan

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Policy Perspectives: The Journal of the Institute of Policy Studies

Volume 13, Issue 2

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Nuclear Energy Security: Emerging Trends and Pakistan

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Author(s): Rizwana Abbasi

Publication date (Print): 2016

Journal: Policy Perspectives: The Journal of the Institute of Policy Studies

Publisher: Pluto Journals

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Abstract

The demand for nuclear energy has increased in recent years mainly in the developing countries of the Asia-Pacific. Despite the Japanese (Fukushima) nuclear power plant accident in 2011, the nuclear power industry is expected to inflate exponentially in the coming decade to maintain the delicate balance between sustainable socioeconomic development and environmental fortification. Therefore, an overwhelming majority of states are inclined to add nuclear power plants to their national grids. India and Pakistan, neither party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation treaty (NPT) nor members of the Nuclear Supplier Group (NSG), are included in the list of new contenders. These two institutional arrangements forbid nuclear cooperation with states that have unsafeguarded facilities and are not party states to the NPT. Besides, India has been mainstreamed in international nuclear commerce whereas Pakistan is deprived of similar rights despite the fact that energy deficiency plagues its socioeconomic developments. The study finds that the existing, ambiguous construct that promotes peaceful uses of nuclear technology and simultaneously opposes nuclear proliferation is not consistent with 21 ^st century's realities. Therefore, the non-proliferation construct necessitates revisions in order to meet the contemporary demands to address developing states' energy needs based on a renewed framework.

Content

Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (doi): 10.13169

Journal ID (publisher-id): polipers

Title: Policy Perspectives: The Journal of the Institute of Policy Studies

Publisher: Pluto Journals

ISSN (Print): 18121829

ISSN (Electronic): 18127347

Publication date (Print): 2016

Volume: 13

Issue: 2

Pages: 167-192

Affiliations

Dr. Rizwana Abbasi is Assistant Professor at Strategic Studies Department, National Defence University, Islamabad.

Article

Publisher ID: polipers.13.2.0167

DOI: 10.13169/polipers.13.2.0167

SO-VID: 43eb1647-4b77-40e0-b553-e045a615f5b9

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All content is freely available without charge to users or their institutions. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission of the publisher or the author. Articles published in the journal are distributed under a http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

ScienceOpen disciplines: Education,Religious studies & Theology,Social & Behavioral Sciences,Law,Economics

Bibliography

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Comments

Comment on this article

[1] Abbasi, Rizwana. “Pakistan's Peaceful Nuclear Energy Projects and NSG Membership.” Hilal , 53, no.1 (January 2016). Accessed on June 15, 2016. http://hilal.gov.pk/index.php/layouts/item/1844-pakistan-s-peaceful-nuclear-energy-projects-and-nsg-membership.

[2] American Nuclear Society. “Nuclear Power: A Sustainable Source of Energy.” Accessed on June 30, 2016. http://www3.ans.org/pi/brochures/pdfs/power.pdf

[3] Arms Control Association. “Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty (FMCT) at a Glance.” Aug. 2013. Accessed on May 31, 2016. https://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/fmct.

[4] Basrur, Rajesh, Koh Swee Lean Collin and Kalyan M. Kemburi. “Nuclear energy and energy security in Asia” in Nuclear Power and Energy Security in Asia , edited by Rajesh Basrur and Koh Swee Lean Collin. New York: Routledge, 2012.

[5] Boese, Wade's, “SG, Congress Approve Nuclear Trade with India,” Arms Control Association , Oct. 2008. Accessed on April 27, 2016. https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2008_10/NSGapprove.

[6] Caldicott, Helen. Nuclear Power is not the Answer. New York: The New Press, 2006.

[7] Chand, Smriti, “Agreements on Nuclear Energy that India has signed with different countries.” Accessed on June 9, 2016. http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/nuclear/agreements-on-nuclear-energy-that-india-has-signed-with-different-countries/5762/

[8] “Chatham House Debate: Is Nuclear a Sustainable Energy Option?” Chatham House 30 (November 2011). Accessed on March 31, 2016. https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/files/chathamhouse/public/Meetings/Meeting%20Transcripts/301112nuclear.pdf

[9] Chaturvedi, Ajay Kumar. Nuclear Energy in India's Energy Security Matrix. New Delhi: Vij Books Pvt Ltd, 2014.

[10] “Energy, electricity and nuclear power estimates for the period up to 2050.” Report, 4^th edition, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (2014): accessed on April 12, 2016. http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/rds-1-34-web-57882020.pdf.

[11] Fischer, David. History of the International Atomic Energy Agency: The First Forty Years. Vienna: The Agency, 1997.

[12] Hewlett, Richard G. and Jack M. Holl. Atoms for Peace and War 1956–1961. California: University of California Press, 1989. “India, Canada to sign civil nuclear cooperation agreement” Express Tribune , June 28, 2010. Accessed on March 12, 2016. http://tribune.com.pk/story/24208/india-canada-to-sign-civil-nuclear-cooperation-agreement/.

[13] Johnson, Toni. “Nuclear Power Expansion Challenges.” Council on Foreign Relations 18 (March 2011). Also see, Holt, Mark and Anthony Andres. “Nuclear Power Plant Security and Vulnerability.” Congressional Research Service (Jan. 2014). Accessed on March 19, 2016. https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/homesec/RL34331.pdf

[14] Johnson, Toni. “Nuclear Power Safety Concerns” Council on Foreign Relations , September 23, 2011. Accessed on May 27, 2016. http://www.cfr.org/world/nuclear-power-safety-concerns/p10534

[15] Kapur, K. D. “Relevance of Nuclear Energy in India's Energy Mix: Energy Security and Economic Development.” In India's Nuclear Energy Program , edited by Arvind Gupta, et al. New Delhi: Pentagon Press, 2014.

[16] Khan, Zafar and Rizwana Abbassi. “Pakistan in the International Nuclear Order.” Monograph - Islamabad Papers, Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad , Nuclear Paper Series (Feb. 2016).

[17] Krige, John. “Atoms for Peace, Scientific Internationalism and Scientific Intelligence”, Accessed on June 25, 2016. http://faculty.georgetown.edu/khb3/Osiris/papers/Krige.pdf.

[18] Levy, Adrian, “India is Building a Top-Secret Nuclear City to Produce Thermonuclear Weapons, Experts Say.” Foreign Policy , December 16, 2015. Accessed May 11, 2016. http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/12/16/india_nuclear_city_top_secret_china_pakistan_barc/

[19] Levy, Adrian, “Experts worry that India is creating new fuel for an arsenal of H-bombs.” The Centre for Public Integrity , 16 December 2015. Acessed May 11, 2016. http://www.publicintegrity.org/2015/12/16/18874/experts-worry-india-creating-new-fuel-arsenal-h-bombs

[20] Nayyar, A. H., Pervez Hoodbhoy, Zia Mian. “Nuclear Karachi.” Dawn , Dec. 16, 2013. Accessed May 11, 2016. http://www.dawn.com/news/1074169

[21] Nelson, Craig Doyle. “Nuclear Bonds: Atoms for Peace in the Cold War and in the Non-western World.” Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Masters of Arts Degree, Graduate School of the Ohio State University, The Ohio State University, 2009, accessed may 15, 2016. https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=osu1237397691&disposition=inline

[22] “Nuclear power is part of the solution for fighting climate change”, Accesed June 1, 2016. http://www.sfen.org/sites/default/files/public/atoms/files/nuclear4climate_position_paper_-_vgb.pdf

[23] “Nuclear Power: its role in shaping energy policies in Asia Pacific.” KPMG Global Energy Institute (2014). Accessed June 16, 2016. http://www.kpmg.com/Global/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Documents/nuclear-power-role-in-shaping-energy-policies-v3.pdf

[24] Peimani, Hooman. “Is the rapid growth of reliance on nuclear energy an economically viable option?” in Nuclear Power and Energy Security in Asia , edited by Rajesh Basrur and Koh Swee Lean Collin. New York: Routledge, 2012.

[25] Shpyth, Al. “Nuclear Power's Role in Enhancing Energy Security in a Dangerous World” Global Studies . Accessed on June 27, 2016. http://www.uvic.ca/research/centres/globalstudies/assets/docs/publications/NuclearPowersRoleinEnhancingEnergySecurity.pdf

[26] Thakur, Ramesh and Gareth Evans, eds. Nuclear Weapons: The State of Play. Canberra: Centre for Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament, 2013. Accesed on June 23, 2016. https://cnnd.anu.edu.au/files/2013/state-of-play-report/Nuclear-Weapons-The-State-of-Play.pdf

[27] Viski, Andrea, “The Revised Nuclear Suppliers Group Guidelines: A European Union Perspective.” EU-Non-Proliferation Consortium: Non-Proliferation Papers 15 (May 2012).