Pak-Iran Relations: Evolving Dynamics, Prospects and Approaches

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Policy Perspectives: The Journal of the Institute of Policy Studies

Volume 14, Issue 1

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Pak-Iran Relations: Evolving Dynamics, Prospects and Approaches

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Author(s): Kulsoom Belal

Publication date (Print): 2017

Journal: Policy Perspectives: The Journal of the Institute of Policy Studies

Publisher: Pluto Journals

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Abstract

Depending on how Trump administration adjusts to the nuclear deal between Iran and the P5+1, the strategic landscape of Iran could either transform dramatically or slide back to pre-deal status quo ante. Traditionally, Iran aspires for a wider regional role to enhance its stature and assume a regional leadership position. As international politics becomes more complex and interlinked, a resurging Iran, reaching to the outer world, has implications for Pakistan. Critically speaking, Pakistan's relations with Iran are unique in the sense that these could neither be described as strategic partnership nor strategic rivalry; rather the relations have been alternating between strong friendship and competition. Thus, it is important to study and extrapolate Iran and Pakistan relations and also how this relationship could serve the long-term interests of each other in the region. The paper juxtaposes Pakistan-Iran relations in the changing regional balance of power. It looks at Pakistan-Iran relations from two angles: history of the bilateral relations; present issues and concerns that could have an impact on the future contours of the relations; and makes plausible policy recommendations for strengthening bilateral ties.

Content

Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (doi): 10.13169

Journal ID (publisher-id): polipers

Title: Policy Perspectives: The Journal of the Institute of Policy Studies

Publisher: Pluto Journals

ISSN (Print): 18121829

ISSN (Electronic): 18127347

Publication date (Print): 2017

Volume: 14

Issue: 1

Pages: 83-104

Affiliations

Ms. Kulsoom Belal is a research team member at the Institute of Policy Studies (IPS), Islamabad. She is also a lecturer at the University of Management and Technology (UMT), Sialkot.

Article

Publisher ID: polipers.14.1.0083

DOI: 10.13169/polipers.14.1.0083

SO-VID: 3d549b76-510d-449c-91a1-4c5405dae126

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All content is freely available without charge to users or their institutions. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission of the publisher or the author. Articles published in the journal are distributed under a http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

ScienceOpen disciplines: Education,Religious studies & Theology,Social & Behavioral Sciences,Law,Economics

Bibliography

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Comments

Comment on this article

[1] Abbas, Hassan. “Shiism and Sectarian Conflict in Pakistan: Identity Politics, Iranian Influence, and Tit for Tat Violence.” Combating Terrorism Center Occasional Paper Series: 2010, 22–41.

[2] Ahmad, Javid. “The Enmey of Iran's Enemy in Afghanistan.” Foreign Affairs, 2015 https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/afghanistan/2015-06-21/enemy-irans-enemy-afghanistan. (accessed December 31, 2016.)

[3] Ahmed, Khaled. “The Roots of Sectarianism in Pakistan.” Criterion Quarterly . 2013

[4] Ahmed, Nazeer. n.d. Islam in Persia available at https://historyofislam.com/contents/the-classical-period/islam-in-persia/ (accessed December 31, 2016.)

[5] Alam, Shal. “Iran and Pakistan: Political and Strategic Dimensions.” Strategic Analysis , 2004. 526–545.

[6] Ali, Lubna Abid. n.d. Pak-Iran Relations in the Post Imperial World . http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/pols/Currentissue-pdf/Iran%20-%20Pakistan%201%20xvi%202009.pdf.

[7] DW. “Examining Saudi-Pakistani Ties in Changing Geopolitics.” August 30, 2016.

[8] Fair, C. Christine. “The US-Pakistan F-16 Fiasco.” Foreign Policy, 2011 . http://foreignpolicy.com/2011/02/03/the-u-s-pakistan-f-16-fiasco.

[9] Fraihat, Ibrahim. “Keeping Iran and Saudi Arabia from War.” Foreign Affairs, 2016 .

[10] Ghoshal, Debalina. “Pakistan Keen to Keep Ties with both Iran and Saudi Arabia.” YaleGlobal , 2015.

[11] Green, Jerrold D., Frederick Wehrey, and Charles Wolf. Understanding Iran . Santa Monica: RAND, 2009.

[12] Jabeen, Mussarrat, and Saleem Mazhar. “Security Game: SEATO and CENTO as Instrument of Economic and Military Assistance to Encircle Pakistan.” Paksitan Economic and Social Review , 2011, 109–132.

[13] Jaffri, Raza. “Pakistan and CENTO: Need ofr Reappraisal.” Offical Website of Zubeida Mustafe. 1978.

[14] Javaid, Umbreen, and Imrana Mushtaq. “Historical Perspective of Pakistan USA Relations: Lessons for Pakistan.” A Research Journal for South Asian Studies , 2014, 291–304.

[15] Kaplan, Robert. “The Geogrpahy of the Iranian Power.” in The Revenge of Geography . New York: Random House, 2012.

[16] Kaura, Vinay. “India and Iran: Challenges and Opportunity.” The Diplomat ., 2015

[17] Khan, Muneer Ahmed. “Pak-Iran relations in the CHanging World Scenario.” in Pakistan and Changing Scenario: Regional and Global , by Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema, Muneer Mahmud and and Mustansar Billah. Islamabad: IPRI, 2008.

[18] Khan, Raja Muhamamad. “Towards Harmonization of Pak-Iran Relations.” Margallah Papers , 2010, 88–111.

[19] Krauss, Clifford. “A New Stream of Oil for Iran but Not Right Away.” New York Times , 2015.

[20] Malik, Jamal. Islam in South Asia . Boston: Brill Publishing, 2008.

[21] Mohan, C Raja. “India's Chahbahar Test.” Carnegie India, 2016.

[22] Mokri, Cyrus Amir, and Hamid Biglari. “A Windfall for Iran.” Foreign Affairs , 2015.

[23] Nader, Alireza, Ali G. Scotten, Ahmad Idrees Rahmani, Robert Stewart, and Leila Mahnad. Iran's Influence in Afghanistan: Implications for the US Drawdown . Santa Monica: RAND, 2014.

[24] Naqvi, Raazia, and Ibrar Mohmand. “Cultural Hitory of the Indian Subcontinent; with Special Reference to Arts and Music.” 2012. http://www.culturaldiplomacy.org/academy/content/pdf/participant-papers/2012-12-aaccd/Cultural_History_of_Indian_subcontinent_with_special_reference_to_Arts_and_Music_-_Muhammad_Ibrar_Raazia_Hassan.pdf (accessed on January 31, 2017.)

[25] Notezai, Muhammad Akbar. “Can ISIS gain a foothold in Pakistan.” The Diplomat , 2016.

[26] “Pakistan's Balancing Act between Iran and Saudi Arabia.” Asia Times, 2016 .

[27] Panda, Ankit. “Why is Pakistan Interested in Brokering Peace Between Iran and Saudi Arabia.” The Diplomat , 2016.

[28] PTI. “Chahbahar port pact between India, Iran to counter China Pakistan Alliance: Report.” Indian Express , 2016.

[29] PTI. “India Votes Against Iran in IAEA Resolution.” The Hindu , 2009. http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/India-votes-against-Iran-in-IAEA-resolution/article16894640.ece.

[30] Rehman, Zia Ur. The Baluch Insurgency: Linking Iran to Pakistan . NOREF Report, Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Center, 2014.

[31] Rafiq, Arif. Sunni Deobandi-Shia Sectarian Violence in Pakistan . Washington: Middle East Institute, 2014.

[32] Sabet, Farzan. “The Rouhani Presidency at Three.” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2016. http://carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=64356.

[33] Shah, Muhammad Nadeem. “Evolution of Sectarianism in Pakistan: A Threat to the State and Society.” South Asian Studies 29 (2), 2014: 441–459.

[34] Sial, Safdar. An Analysis of Emerging Pakistani-Iranian Ties. Noref Report, Norwegian Peacebuilding Cente, 2015.

[35] Sick, Gary G. “Iran After the Deal.” Foreign Affairs, 2015 . https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/iran/2015-09-07/iran-after-deal.

[36] Singh, Upinder. Century, A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th . India: Dorling Kindersly, 2018.

[37] Tanchum, Michael. “India Seeks ‘Auspicious Re-birth in Iran's Energy Sector.” The Diplomat , 2015.

[38] Vatanka, Alex. Iran and Pakistan: Security, Diplomacy and American Influence . New York: I. B. Tauris, 2015.

[39] Vatanka, Alex. Pakistan's Game: The Biggest Wineer in the Iranian Saudi Dispute.” Foreign Affairs , 2016.

[40] Zulfqar, Saman. “India-Afghanistan Atrategic Relations: Implications ofr Pakistan.” IPRI Insight , 2013. 14–22.