For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
378
views
0
references
 Top references
cited by
1
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      464
      similar
       All similar

      If you have found this article useful and you think it is important that researchers across the world have access, please consider donating, to ensure that this valuable collection remains Open Access.

      Policy Perspectives is published by Pluto Journals, an Open Access publisher. This means that everyone has free and unlimited access to the full-text of all articles from our international collection of social science journals, and the authors don’t pay an author processing charge (APC’s).

      scite_

      Policy Perspectives: The Journal of the Institute of Policy Studies

      Volume 15, Issue 3
       
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Europe's Dystopia: The Exploitation of Unaccompanied and Separated Child Refugees

      Published
      research-article
      Author(s):
      Publication date (Print):
      Journal: Policy Perspectives: The Journal of the Institute of Policy Studies
      Publisher: Pluto Journals
      Bookmark

            Abstract

            This article highlights the exploitation of unaccompanied and separated child refugees in Europe. Critically, the European Union has a manifest responsibility to child refugees, as outlined in both the Geneva Convention (1951) that frameworks the Status of Refugees (1967 Protocol), along with the Charter of Fundamental Rights. Moreover, as signatories to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of a Child, Europe has a moral and legal responsibility to act in the best interests of the child. Unfortunately, EU has failed to comply with the obligations and tens of thousands of children are staying in appalling, exploitative and negligent conditions. At present, at least 170,000 unaccompanied and separated child refugees (UASCR) throughout the European Union are living in extreme duress, violence and/or sexual exploitation.

            Content

            Author and article information

            Journal
            Journal ID (doi): 10.2307/j50009730
            Journal ID (jcode): polipers
            Title: Policy Perspectives: The Journal of the Institute of Policy Studies
            Publisher: Pluto Journals
            ISSN: 1812-1829
            ISSN: 1812-7347
            Publication date (Print): 1 January 2018
            Volume: 15
            Issue: 3 ( doiID: 10.13169/polipers.15.issue-3 )
            Pages: 7-28
            Affiliations
            Farhan Mujahid Chak, PhD, and Associate Professor of Gulf Studies, Qatar University, Doha.
            Article
            Publisher ID: polipers.15.3.0007
            DOI: 10.13169/polipers.15.3.0007
            SO-VID: 7edf5690-1c56-42c3-88b2-df2ae7c115af
            Copyright © © 2018, Institute of Policy Studies
            License:

            All content is freely available without charge to users or their institutions. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission of the publisher or the author. Articles published in the journal are distributed under a http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

            History
            Custom metadata
            lang eng

            ScienceOpen disciplines: Education,Religious studies & Theology,Social & Behavioral Sciences,Law,Economics

            Bibliography

            1. "10th European Forum on the Rights of a Child,” (2016, November) General Background Paper. Retrieved from ec.europa.eu/newsroom/document.cfm

            2. Access to European Union Law http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32002F0629

            3. Alexandridis, Antonios and Muge Dalkiran. ‘Routes Change, Migration Persists: The Effects of EU Policy on Migratory Routes,’ Al Sharq Forum. (2017, March 28). Retrieved from http://sharqforum.org/2017/03/28/routes-change-migration-persists-the-effects-of-eu-policy-on-migratory-routes/

            4. Arthur, Nelson, “Horrific levels of Child Abuse in Unsafe Refugee camps,” in The Guardian. (2017, April 19). Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/apr/24/eu-urgent-protection-23000-unaccompanied-child-refugees-squalid-camps-greece-italy

            5. Bulman, May. “Child Refugees in France Face Exploitation on Daily Basis,” in The Independent. (2017, April 18). Retrieved from http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/child-refugees-migrants-dunkirk-calais-france-unicef-people-trafficking-smugglers-a7689051.html

            6. Bulman, May. “Surge in Child Refugees trying to reach UK…” in The Independent. (2017, April 2). Retrieved from http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/child-refugees-france-uk-new-market-smugglers-traffickers-a7622656.html

            7. CNN Online. (2016, October 27). Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/media/media_92973.html

            8. Collins, Lauren. “Europe's Child Refugee Crisis” in New Yorker. (2017, February 27). Retrieved from http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/02/27/europes-child-refugee-crisis

            9. Digidiki, Vasileia & Jacqueline Bhabha, (2015) “Emergency within an Emergency: The Growing Epidemic of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Children in Greece,” by FXB Center for Health and Human Rights, Harvard University. Retrieved from https://cdn2.sph.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2017/04/Emergency-Within-an-Emergency-FXB.pdf

            10. Dimitropolous, Stav. “The Sophisticated Smuggling Routes Bringing Refugees to Europe,” in Vice News (2017, March 23). Retrieved from https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/aea5n4/the-sophisticated-smuggling-routes-bringing-refugees-into-greece

            11. Dupere, Katie. “UN Launches Website to Answer Questions on Syrian Refugee Crisis,' in Mashable Online. (2017, May 22). Retrieved from http://mashable.com/2017/05/22/syrian-refugee-crisis-google-united-nations/#cqNhoQD_gaq7

            12. Edwards, Adrian. “Global Forced Displacement Hits Record High,” in UNHCR Online. Web. (2016, June). Retrieved from http://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2016/6/5763b65a4/global-forced-displacement-hits-record-high.html

            13. EU Observer https://euobserver.com/justice/133482

            14. European Commission http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Asylum_statistics

            15. Freh, Fuaad. (2015) “Psychological Effects of War and Violence on Children,” in Journal of Psychological Abnormalities S1: e001. doi:10.4172/jpab.S1-e00

            16. Frontex Online. (2017, August). Retrieved from http://frontex.europa.eu

            17. Frontex Online. (2017, August). Retrieved from http://frontex.europa.eu/trends-and-routes/central-mediterranean-route/

            18. Gerretsen, Isabelle. “Child Refugees Forced to Sell their Bodies to Enter Europe,” in Newsweek. (2017, April 19). Retrieved from http://www.newsweek.com/child-refugees-europe-refugee-crisis-sexual-exploitation-greece-harvard-585976

            19. Global Trends 2015. UNHCR – UN Refugee Agency. (2016). Retrieved from https://s3.amazonaws.com/unhcrsharedmedia/2016/2016-06-20-global-trends/2016-06-14-Global-Trends-2015.pdf

            20. “Greece Failing to Protect Child Refugees,” in Aljazeera Online. (2017, July 20). Retrieved from http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/07/hrw-greece-failing-protect-lone-refugee-children-170719072148087.html

            21. Harrell-Bond, Barbara. “Are Refugee Camps Safe?” Working Paper for UNHCR. Retrieved from http://www.unhcr.org/research/working/3ae6a0c64/refugee-camps-good-children-barbara-harrell-bond.html

            22. Hodal, Kate. “Nearly Half of All refugees are Children,' in The Guardian. (2016, September). Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/sep/07/nearly-half-of-all-refugees-are-children-unicef-report-migrants-united-nations

            23. Hodal, Kate. “Traffickers and Smugglers Exploit Record Rise in Unaccompanied Child Refugees,' in The Guardian. (2017, May 17). Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/may/17/traffickers-smugglers-exploit-record-rise-unaccompanied-child-refugees-migrants-unicef-report

            24. Jones, Sam and Jennifer Rankin. “Spain Lacks Capacity to Handle Migration Surge,” in The Guardian. (2017, August 17). Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/17/spain-refugees-migrants-unhcr-warning

            25. Kingsley, Patrick. “Syrian Refugees Find New Route,” in The Guardian. (2015, August 29). Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/aug/29/syrian-refugees-europe-arctic-circle-russia-norway

            26. Lee, Laurence. “Italy Refugee Crisis: Gangs Running Child Prostitution Rings,” Aljazeera Online. (2017, June). Retrieved from http://www.aljazeera.com/blogs/europe/2017/06/italy-young-refugees-care-centre-reveal-dark-side-trafficking-170601050104059.html

            27. Library of Congress. (2017, August). Retrieved from https://www.loc.gov/law/help/refugee-law/europeanunion.php

            28. Mardiste, David and Andrias Sytas. “Baltic States Erect Border Fences,” in Reuters Online. (2016, March 8). Retrieved from http://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-migrants-baltics/worried-over-refugees-baltics-begin-to-erect-border-fences

            29. “Mediterranean Migrant Arrivals” (2017, August 4.) Relief Web. Online Retrieved from http://reliefweb.int/report/italy/mediterranean-migrant-arrivals-reach-115109-2017-2397-deaths

            30. Mills, Kurt. “Syria and the Mediterranean Crisis,” Huffington Post. (2016, October 2). Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/kurt-mills/syria-refugee-crisis_b_8231874.html

            31. Mortimer, Caroline. “Refugee Crisis: War and Disaster Displaces a record 40.8 million,” in The Independent. (2016, May 11). Retrieved from http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/politics/refugee-crisis-war-and-disaster-internally-displaces-a-record-408m-people-around-the-world-says-new-

            32. Nelson, Arthur. “Horrific levels of Child Abuse in Unsafe Refugee camps,” in The Guardian. (2017, April 19). Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/apr/24/eu-urgent-protection-23000-unaccompanied-child-refugees-squalid-camps-greece-italy

            33. Peers, Steve. “The Dublin Regulation: Is the End Nigh? Where should unaccompanied children apply for asylum? (2016, January 26, 2016). EU Law Analysis Online. Retrieved from http://eulawanalysis.blogspot.com.tr/2016/01/the-dublin-regulation-is-end-nigh-where.html

            34. Samuels, Gabriel. “Refugee Children Sexually Exploited in France,” in The Independent. (2016, June). Retrieved from http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/refugee-children-being-sexually-exploited-and-forced-into-crime-by-traffickers-in-northern-france-a7079446.htm

            35. See, UNHCR Website. http://www.unhcr.org/en-us/syria-emergency.html

            36. Smith, Helena. “Shocking Images of young Syrian boy Show Tragic Plight of Refugees,” in The Guardian. (2015, September). Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/02/shocking-image-of-drowned-syrian-boy-shows-tragic-plight-of-refugees

            37. Smith-Spark, Laura, Saskya Vandoorne and Byrony Jones, “Calais Jungle: Migrant Children Have Nowhere to Go,”

            38. “Spain Migrants Held in Poor Conditions,” Human Rights Watch. (2017, July 31). Retrieved from https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/07/31/spain-migrants-held-poor-conditions

            39. Taylor, Diane. “Child Refugees Forced to Sell Bodies in Europe,” in The Guardian. (2017, April). Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/apr/18/child-refugees-in-europe-forced-to-sell-bodies-to-pay-smugglers

            40. UNHCR. “Europe Refugee and Migrant Arrivals Fall But Abuse and Deaths Persist,” UNHCR: UN Refugee Agency Online. Retrieved from http://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2017/8/599ec5024/europe-refugee-migrant-arrivals-fall-reports-abuses-deaths-persist.html

            41. UNICEF, Refugee and migrant crisis in Europe: Humanitarian situation report #17. (2016, November, 14). Available at: http://data.unhcr.org/mediterranean/regional.php

            42. “UNICEF: Number of Unaccompanied Refugee Children Soars,” in Aljazeera News. Web. (2017, May). Retrieved from www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/05/unicef-number-unaccompanied-refugee-children-soars-United Nations Convention on the Rights of a Child. (2017, May). Retrieved from http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CRC.aspx

            43. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Online. Retrieved from https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/human-trafficking/what-is-human-trafficking.html

            44. Van Hagen, Isobel. “Manipulation in a Time of Crisis: The Sexual Exploitation of Child Refugees Across France,” in the McGill International Review Online. (2016, November 12). Retrieved from https://mironline.ca/manipulation-in-the-time-of-crisis-the-sexual-exploitation-of-refugees-in-camps-across-france/

            45. Vidal, Mario. “No One is Counting the Missing Refugee Children in Europe,” in Newsdeeply Online. (2017, June). Retrieved from https://www.newsdeeply.com/refugees/articles/2017/07/20/no-one-is-counting-europes-missing-refugee-children

            Comments

            Comment on this article