Pre-Trial Detention and its Compensation in International and Pakistani Law

Hussain, Tauqeer

doi:10.13169/polipers.15.3.0047

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Policy Perspectives: The Journal of the Institute of Policy Studies

Volume 15, Issue 3

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Pre-Trial Detention and its Compensation in International and Pakistani Law

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Author(s): Tauqeer Hussain

Publication date (Print): 1 January 2018

Journal: Policy Perspectives: The Journal of the Institute of Policy Studies

Publisher: Pluto Journals

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Abstract

Right to liberty is considered a basic human right and the pre-trial detention curtails this right before the guilt is proven. Pre-trial is authorized by international and domestic legal regimes as an unavoidable measure but with certain precautions. Subsequent to pre-trial detention, international human rights law is silent about compensating those who were falsely or mistakenly held by state authorities. Certain states have recently realized the need of a compensation mechanism. In Pakistan, the criminal procedure warrants certain precautions and allows a form of compensation for pre-trial detention, yet the law lacks in certain respects. Exploring evolution of the realization to compensate for the apprehension before conviction, this paper looks for the convergence and divergence of Pakistani and contemporary legislation on the issue of pre-trial detention and its compensation. The paper suggests reforms through minimal use of pre-trial detention and by providing compensation to the innocent victims of pre-trial detention.

Content

Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (doi): 10.2307/j50009730

Journal ID (jcode): polipers

Title: Policy Perspectives: The Journal of the Institute of Policy Studies

Publisher: Pluto Journals

ISSN: 1812-1829

ISSN: 1812-7347

Publication date (Print): 1 January 2018

Volume: 15

Issue: 3 ( doiID: 10.13169/polipers.15.issue-3 )

Pages: 47-66

Affiliations

Research Officer, Institute of Policy Studies, Islamabad. The author is particularly thankful to Khalid Rahman Director General, and Syed Nadeem Farhat Senior Research Officer, Institute of Policy Studies for their valuable inputs during the course of writing this paper.

Article

Publisher ID: polipers.15.3.0047

DOI: 10.13169/polipers.15.3.0047

SO-VID: 018e31f6-d688-4e97-a660-4daffd1f21aa

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All content is freely available without charge to users or their institutions. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission of the publisher or the author. Articles published in the journal are distributed under a http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Education,Religious studies & Theology,Social & Behavioral Sciences,Law,Economics

Bibliography

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Comments

Comment on this article

[1] 1966. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).

[2] Abdul Qayyum Vs. S.H.O Police Station Shalimar, Lahore. 1993. (Lahore High Court, P.Cr.L.J., 91).

[3] Adnan Prince vs. State PLD. 2017. (Supreme Court 147).

[4] 1981. “African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights.”

[5] 1969. “American Convention on Human Rights, (ACHR).”

[6] Amnesty International,. 2017. Justice Under Trial: A Study of Pre-trial Detention in India. Amnesty International India. Accessed September 25, 2017. https://www.amnesty.nl/content/uploads/2017/07/UT_Final.pdf?x79902.

[7] 2005. “Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian law .”

[8] 1988. “Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under Any Form of detention or Imprisonment .”

[9] Campbell, Henry. 2004. Black's Law Dictionary.

[10] Centre for Human Rights Geneva and Crimes prevention and Criminal Justice Branch. 1994. Human Rights and Pre-trial Detention: A handbook of international standards relating to Pre-trial detention. New York and Geneva: United Nations.

[11] 1898. “Code of Criminal Procedure.”

[12] 2016. “Criminal Laws (Amendment) Act.” January 18. Accessed September 04, 2018. http://www.senate.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1457510265_924.pdf.

[13] Domenech-pascual, Gabriel, and Miguel Puchades- Navarro. 2015. “Compensating acquitted pre-trial detainees.” International Review of Law and Economics 43. Accessed October 17, 2016. https://www.uv.es/gadopas/2013.Compensating.acquitted.pretrial.detainees.pdf.

[14] 1950. “European Convention on Human Rights, (ECHR).”

[15] Institute for Criminal Policy Research. n.d. World Prison Brief. Accessed September 04, 2018. http://www.prisonstudies.org/highest-to-lowest/pre-trial-detainees?field_region_taxonomy_tid.

[16] International Commission of Jurists. 2007. “The Right to a Remedy to Reparation for Gross Human Rights Violations: A Practitioners' Guide.” Colombia: Ediciones Anthropos.

[17] Law & Justice Commission of Pakistan. n.d. “Performance Statistics: jail Inmates.” Accessed August 15, 2018. http://ljcp.gov.pk/nljcp/assets/dist/news_pdf/ji.pdf.

[18] Mazharuddin Vs. State . 1998. (P.Cr.L.J 1035).

[19] Michels, John David. 2010. “Compensating Acquitted Defendants for Detention before International criminal Courts.” Journal of International Criminal Justice Volume 8 (Issue 2): 407-424.

[20] Mst. Afsana versus District Police Officer, (Operation) Khairpur,. 2007. (YLR 1618).

[21] Muhammad Hussain vs State . 1959. (PLD Lahore 322).

[22] NACTA, ICRC & CODE. 2018. “Addressing Overcrowding in Prisons by Reducing Pre-conviction Detention in Pakistan.” 8.

[23] Nizami, Muhammad Mazhar Hassan. 2009. Commentary on The Code of Criminal Procedure . Lahore: PLD Publishers.

[24] Open Society Justice Initiative. 2015. Presumption of guilt: The Global Overuse of Pre-trial Detention. New York: Open Society Foundation, 262.

[25] Open Society Justice Initiative. 2011. Pre-Trial Detention and Torture. New York: Open Society Foundation, 53.

[26] Province of Sindh vs. Roshan Deen. 2008. (Supreme Court, PLD 132).

[27] Ramazan vs State. 1992. (Supreme Court, PLD 11).

[28] Riaz Ahmad vs. I.G of Police. 2006. (MLD 1093).

[29] 1998. “Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC).”

[30] State vs Ubaid Ullah. 2005. (MLD 1883).

[31] Syed Hassan Ali Shah vs. SHO, Police Station Dadu. 2006. (PLD 425).

[32] 1994. “The Arab Charter on Human Rights.”

[33] 1950. “The Constitution of India .”

[34] 1973. “The Constitution of Pakistan.”

[35] The Law Commission of India, Government of India. 2018. “Wrongful Prosecution (Miscarriage of Justice): Legal Remedies.” Accessed September 04, 2018. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1eXWmWBGFGsfbzKqB8ymfOayxxlWvOk5C/view.

[36] The Prosecutor vs. Andre' Rwamakuba. 2007. ICTR-98-44C-T (International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, January 31).

[37] UN Human Rights Committee. 2014. “General Comment No. 35: Article 9 (Liberty and security of person) of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.” Accessed September 08, 2015. http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CCPR/C/GC/35&Lang=en.

[38] United Nations Human Rights Committee. 2017. “Concluding observations on the initial report of Pakistan.” Accessed September 20, 2017. http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CCPR%2fC%2.

[39] 1990. “United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for Non-custodial Measures (Tokyo Rules).”

[40] 1948. “Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).”