The EU&apos;s Proxy War on Refugees

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State Crime Journal

Volume 8, Issue 1

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The EU's Proxy War on Refugees

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Author(s): Helen Hintjens ¹ , Ali Bilgic ²

Publication date (Print): 1 January 2019

Journal: State Crime Journal

Publisher: Pluto Journals

Keywords: proxy war, refugees, EU, Turkey, Libya, deaths, Kurds, Mediterranean, deterrence, containment

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Abstract

For decades, European Union (EU) member states have fought an illegal proxy war – a form of state crime – against refugees and migrants, far beyond EU external borders. Fatalities make this proxy war equivalent to international classifications of war. To justify this war, migrants have progressively been reclassified by the EU as “illegal” or criminal. This article situates the proxy war within wider deterrence-based EU migration policies. Examples like the 2008–2009 Italy–Libya deal and 2016 EU–Turkey deal show the high price paid by refugees, minorities and the damage to the EU's own stability and reputation. Forcibly confining people at “holding points” along migratory routes, expelling people to unsafe countries and raising barriers to legal movement, the violence of the proxy war became more visible in 2015. We conclude that far from counteracting the dynamics of mass displacement, the proxy war may have contributed to the recent crisis of refugee reception in Europe.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (doi): 10.2307/j50005552

Journal ID (jcode): statecrime

Title: State Crime Journal

Publisher: Pluto Journals

ISSN: 2046-6056

ISSN: 2046-6064

Publication date (Print): 1 January 2019

Volume: 8

Issue: 1 ( doiID: 10.13169/statecrime.8.issue-1 )

Pages: 80-103

Affiliations

[1 ] Erasmus University of Rotterdam

[2 ] Loughborough University

Article

Publisher ID: statecrime.8.1.0080

DOI: 10.13169/statecrime.8.1.0080

SO-VID: 18215f27-85d4-4ae3-9cf1-3e2232fd2e9b

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lang eng

ScienceOpen disciplines: Criminology

Keywords: proxy war,refugees,EU,Turkey,Libya,deaths,Kurds,Mediterranean,deterrence,containment

Notes

The full details of each case and source of each report are meticulously recorded in UNITED's list, still regularly updated on https://uploads.guim.co.uk/2018/06/19/TheList.pdf (up to 5 May 2018), which is sobering reading for those not yet aware of the war inside Europe against refugees, let alone the remote control proxy war.
See https://theconversation.com/turkeys-academics-pay-heavy-price-for-resisting-erdogans-militarised-politics-54088.

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[1] The full details of each case and source of each report are meticulously recorded in UNITED's list, still regularly updated on https://uploads.guim.co.uk/2018/06/19/TheList.pdf (up to 5 May 2018), which is sobering reading for those not yet aware of the war inside Europe against refugees, let alone the remote control proxy war.

[2] See https://theconversation.com/turkeys-academics-pay-heavy-price-for-resisting-erdogans-militarised-politics-54088.