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      The EU's Proxy War on Refugees

      Published
      research-article
      1 , 2
      State Crime Journal
      Pluto Journals
      proxy war, refugees, EU, Turkey, Libya, deaths, Kurds, Mediterranean, deterrence, containment
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            Abstract

            For decades, European Union (EU) member states have fought an illegal proxy war – a form of state crime – against refugees and migrants, far beyond EU external borders. Fatalities make this proxy war equivalent to international classifications of war. To justify this war, migrants have progressively been reclassified by the EU as “illegal” or criminal. This article situates the proxy war within wider deterrence-based EU migration policies. Examples like the 2008–2009 Italy–Libya deal and 2016 EU–Turkey deal show the high price paid by refugees, minorities and the damage to the EU's own stability and reputation. Forcibly confining people at “holding points” along migratory routes, expelling people to unsafe countries and raising barriers to legal movement, the violence of the proxy war became more visible in 2015. We conclude that far from counteracting the dynamics of mass displacement, the proxy war may have contributed to the recent crisis of refugee reception in Europe.

            Content

            Author and article information

            Journal
            10.2307/j50005552
            statecrime
            State Crime Journal
            Pluto Journals
            2046-6056
            2046-6064
            1 January 2019
            : 8
            : 1 ( doiID: 10.13169/statecrime.8.issue-1 )
            : 80-103
            Affiliations
            [1 ] Erasmus University of Rotterdam
            [2 ] Loughborough University
            Article
            statecrime.8.1.0080
            10.13169/statecrime.8.1.0080
            18215f27-85d4-4ae3-9cf1-3e2232fd2e9b
            © 2019 International State Crime Initiative

            All content is freely available without charge to users or their institutions. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission of the publisher or the author. Articles published in the journal are distributed under a http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

            History
            Categories
            Custom metadata
            eng

            Criminology
            proxy war,refugees,EU,Turkey,Libya,deaths,Kurds,Mediterranean,deterrence,containment

            Notes

            1. The full details of each case and source of each report are meticulously recorded in UNITED's list, still regularly updated on https://uploads.guim.co.uk/2018/06/19/TheList.pdf (up to 5 May 2018), which is sobering reading for those not yet aware of the war inside Europe against refugees, let alone the remote control proxy war.

            2. See https://theconversation.com/turkeys-academics-pay-heavy-price-for-resisting-erdogans-militarised-politics-54088.

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