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      State Crime Journal

      Volume 9, Issue 1
       
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      The Ambiguities of Amending Historical Injustices and Espousing a Shared Collective Memory: The WWII Forced Labour Narratives in Germany and Japan

      research-article
      Author(s): 1
      Publication date (Print, pub):
      Journal: State Crime Journal
      Publisher: Pluto Journals
      Keywords: WWII forced labour, Japan, Korea, Germany, revisionism, collective memory, reparations
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            Abstract

            This paper examines WWII forced labour memory politics in Germany and Japan by drawing from Barkan’s concept of amending historical injustices. After lengthy negotiations, Germany reached in 2000 a milestone agreement compensating victims individually, while in Japan, settlements, consolation payments and apologies have been overshadowed by a revival of revisionist historical narratives and victim denial. It is argued that the official recognition of forced labour as historical injustice made a mutually acceptable outcome possible in Germany and helped to shape a genuine historical memory in victim nations. In Japan, by contrast, an alliance of politicians, bureaucrats and academics has been reconsecrating revisionism as official position. The revisionist inability to recognize victims and admit mistakes has implications for South Korea as the rift between right-wing pro-revisionists and left-wing nationalists divides the country and prevents the formation of a shared collective memory. Unintended consequences have dimmed prospects for a settlement.

            Content

            Author and article information

            Journal
            Journal ID (doi): 10.2307/j50005552
            Journal ID (jcode): statecrime
            Title: State Crime Journal
            Publisher: Pluto Journals
            ISSN: 2046-6056
            ISSN: 2046-6064
            Publication date (Print, pub): 1 January 2020
            Volume: 9
            Issue: 1 ( doiID: 10.13169/statecrime.9.issue-1 )
            Pages: 47-70
            Affiliations
            [1 ] Tokyo University of Foreign Studies;
            Article
            Publisher ID: statecrime.9.1.0047
            DOI: 10.13169/statecrime.9.1.0047
            SO-VID: 427a13e0-93f0-4be1-b5b7-aa2878c64980
            Copyright © © 2020 International State Crime Initiative
            License:

            All content is freely available without charge to users or their institutions. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission of the publisher or the author. Articles published in the journal are distributed under a http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

            History
            Categories
            Custom metadata
            lang eng

            ScienceOpen disciplines: Criminology
            Keywords: WWII forced labour,Japan,Korea,Germany,revisionism,collective memory,reparations

            Notes

            1. The Department of State Bulletin, 13 (1945): 531–2.

            2. The Department of State Bulletin, 13 (1945): 531–2.

            3. https://www.bpb.de/fsd/zwangsarbeit/ze-karte-entschaedigung.swf.

            4. Source: https://www.indian.senate.gov/sites/default/files/upload/files/Eizenstat.pdf.

            5. https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/china/joint72.html.

            6. The issue of the unfulfilled reconciliation for comfort women has been analyzed in detail in a separate paper (Hein, 2016) and is therefore not examined in this paper.

            7. https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/forced-labor/news/WCMS_237569/lang–en/index.htm.

            8. https://www.linksnet.de/artikel/20829.

            9. http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2005/01/17/2005011761044.html.

            10. http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3065806.

            11. http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_national/869269.html.

            12. http://overseas.mofa.go.kr/rw-en/brd/m_9983/view.do?seq=758681.

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