Click to save and return to course: online education, adjunctification, and the disciplining of academic labour

Robert Ovetz, null

doi:10.13169/workorgalaboglob.11.1.0048

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Work Organisation, Labour and Globalisation

Volume 11, Issue 1

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Click to save and return to course: online education, adjunctification, and the disciplining of academic labour

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Author(s): Robert Ovetz

Publication date (Print): Spring 2017

Journal: Work Organisation, Labour and Globalisation

Publisher: Pluto Journals

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Abstract

There has been little analysis of how neoliberal adjunctification and online education (OLE) are shaping a new academic division of labour in US colleges and universities. OLE rationalises academic labour by separating it from the delivery of educational content while transforming learning into the self-disciplined completion of sequential tasks (e.g. ‘competency-based learning’) under the panoptic surveillance of online course management systems (CMS). OLE is subtly shifting the very hidden curriculum of higher education to meet the needs of global capital for a more effectively disciplined labour force that can work contingently and remotely with little or no overt coercion. This analysis of the process by which OLE is rationalising academic labour draws upon the ideas of Foucault and Tronti to argue that OLE is a tool for producing a type of disciplined labour that breaks down the borders between productive and reproductive labour in order to colonise all life as work.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (doi): 10.13169

Journal ID (publisher-id): workorgalaboglob

Title: Work Organisation, Labour and Globalisation

Publisher: Pluto Journals

ISSN (Print): 1745641X

ISSN (Electronic): 17456428

Publication date (Print): Spring 2017

Volume: 11

Issue: 1

Pages: 48-70

Article

Publisher ID: workorgalaboglob.11.1.0048

DOI: 10.13169/workorgalaboglob.11.1.0048

SO-VID: 2d3a1a19-30a3-48f2-b604-00af896b7a90

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All content is freely available without charge to users or their institutions. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission of the publisher or the author. Articles published in the journal are distributed under a http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

ScienceOpen disciplines: Sociology,Labor law,Political science,Labor & Demographic economics,Political economics

References

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Ovetz, R. (1996b) ‘Turning resistance into rebellion: Student struggles and the global entrepreneurialization of the universities’, Capital & Class , no. 58, Spring: 113–44.
Ovetz, R. (2015a) ‘Migrant mindworkers and the new division of academic labour’, Working USA , 18 (3): 331–47.
Ovetz, R. (2015b) ‘When Hephaestus fell to earth: Harry Braverman and the division of labour in academia’, Labour Studies Journal , no. 40, Vol. 3: 243–61.
Ovetz, R. (2015c) ‘The new Jim Crow in higher education: Online education and the community colleges’, Paper presented at the Pacific Sociological Association, April.
Ovetz, R. (2017) ‘Higher education and the zerowork paradox: Online education, contingency, and the new division of academic labor’, Capital @ 150, Hofstra University, April, 6.
Panzieri, R. (1976) ‘Surplus value and planning: Notes on the reading of capital’, The Labour Process & Class Strategies , CSE Pamphlet No. 1, London: Conference of Socialist Economists: 4–25.
Rhoades, G. (1996) ‘Reorganizing the faculty workforce for flexibility: Part-time professional labour’, The Journal of Higher Education , 67 (6): 626–59.
Rhoades, G. & S. Slaughter (1997) ‘Academic capitalism, managed professionals, and supply-side higher education’, Social Text , No. 51: 9–38.
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Comments

Comment on this article

[1] Bennett, M. & J. Brady (2014) ‘A radical critique of the learning outcomes assessment movement’, Radical Teacher , Fall, 100: 149. Accessed March, 10, 2015 from http://radicalteacher.library.pitt.edu.

[2] Berry, Joe (2005) Reclaiming the Ivory Tower: Organizing Adjuncts to Change Higher Education , New York: Monthly Review Press.

[3] Bonacich, E. (2003) ‘Pulling the plug: Labour and the global supply chain’, New Labour Forum , Summer, 12 (2).

[4] Bousquet, M. (2008) How the University Works: Higher Education and the Low-Wage Nation , New York: NYU Press.

[5] Caffentzis, G. (1975) ‘Throwing away the ladder: The universities in the crisis’, Zerowork , 1: 128–42. Accessed November, 26, 2016, http://la.utexas.edu/users/hcleaver/330T/350kPEECaffentzisThrowingtable.pdf.

[6] Caffentzis, G. (2010) ‘University struggles at the end of the edu-deal’, Mute , 2, no. 16. Accessed November, 26, 2016, http://www.metamute.org/editorial/articles/university-struggles-end-edu-deal.

[7] Caffentzis, G. (2013) In Letters of Blood and Fire: Work, Machines, and the Crisis of Capitalism , Oakland: PM Press.

[8] California Community Colleges Chancellor's Office (2015). Accessed November, 26, 2016, http://datamart.cccco.edu/DataMart.aspx.

[9] California Community Colleges Student Success Task Force (2012) ‘Advancing student success in the California community colleges: Recommendations of the California Community Colleges Student Success Task Force’, Final Report, January 17. Accessed February, 16, 2016, http://californiacommunitycolleges.cccco.edu/Portals/0/Executive/StudentSuccessTaskForce/SSTF_Final_Report_1-17-12_Print.pdf.

[10] California Postsecondary Education Commission (2015). Accessed February, 18, 2017, http://www.cpec.ca.gov/StudentData/EthSnapshotMenu.asp.

[11] Christensen, C., M. Horn, L. Calder., & L. Soares (2011) ‘Disrupting college: How disruptive innovation can deliver quality and affordability to postsecondary education’, February, Center for American Progress and Innosight Institute.

[12] The Coalition on the Academic Workforce (2012). ‘A portrait of part-time faculty members: A summary of findings on part-time faculty respondents to the coalition on the academic workforce survey of contingent faculty members and instructors’. June. Accessed November, 26, 2016, http://www.academicworkforce.org/survey.html.

[13] Complete College America (2011) Time Is the Enemy . Accessed February, 16, 2016, http://completecollege.org/docs/Time_Is_the_Enemy.pdf.

[14] Conlin, M., M. Herbs., & P. Coy (2010) ‘The disposable worker’, Bloomberg Businessweek , January, 7. Accessed February, 22, 2015 from http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/10_03/b4163032935448.htm.

[15] Curtis, J.W. (2014) ‘The employment status of instructional staff members in higher education, Fall 2011’. American Association of University Professors, Washington DC, April.

[16] The Economist (2015) ‘The on-demand economy: Workers on tap. The rise of the on-demand economy poses difficult questions for workers, companies and politicians’, January, 3. Accessed November, 26, 2016, http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21637393-rise-demand-economy-poses-difficult-questions-workers-companies-and EDUCAUSE. Accessed February, 16, 2016, https://library.educause.edu/.

[17] Foucault, M. (1995) Discipline & Punish: The Birth of the Prison , 2nd ed., New York: Vintage.

[18] Ginsberg, B. (2011) ‘Administrators ate my tuition: Want to get college costs in line? Start by cutting the overgrown management ranks’, Washington Monthly , September/October. Accessed November, 26, 2016, http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/magazine/septemberoctober_2011/features/administrators_ate_my_tuition031641.php?page=all.

[19] Glasper, R. (2013) ‘The disruptive revolution in academe: Community colleges as disruptive innovators’ in R. Glasper and Gerardo de los Santos (eds) Disruptive Innovation and the Community College , League for Innovation in the Community College: 30.

[20] Gose, Ben (2013). ‘Flexible jobs mean happy instructors’, The Chronicle of Higher Education , July, 22. Accessed May, 4, 2017 from http://www.chronicle.com/article/Flexible-Jobs-Mean-Happy/140411.

[21] Gould, E. (2003) The University in a Corporate Culture , New Haven: Yale University Press.

[22] Hardt, M. & A. Negri (2000) Empire , Harvard: Cambridge.

[23] Hayes, D. & R. Wynyard (eds) (2002) The McDonaldization of Higher Education , Westport: Bergin & Garvey.

[24] Headden, S. (2011) ‘New ways to measure to student learning,’ Lumina Foundation Focus, Fall, p. 11. Accessed November, 26, 2016 from https://www.luminafoundation.org/focus-archive.

[25] Levidow, L. (2002) ‘Marketizing higher education: Neoliberal strategies and counter-strategies’ in K. Robins & F. Webster (eds) The Virtual University: Knowledge, Markets, and Management , Oxford: Oxford University Press: 227–48.

[26] Levidow, L. (2005) ‘Neoliberal agendas for higher education’, in A. Saad-Filho and D. Johnston (eds) Neoliberalism: A Critical Reader , London: Pluto Press: 156–63.

[27] Martinez, M. (2013) ‘A conceptual foundation for understanding innovation in American community colleges’ in R. Glasper and Gerardo de los Santos (eds) Disruptive Innovation and the Community College , Chandler, Arizona: League for Innovation in the Community College: 9–24.

[28] Marx, K. (1976) Capital , Volume I. London: Penguin.

[29] Marx, K. (1981). Capital , Volume III. London: Penguin.

[30] Mason, P. (2013) Why It's Still Kicking Off Everywhere: The New Global Revolutions , London: Verso.

[31] Moser, R. (2001). The New Academic Labor System, Corporatization and the Renewal of Academic Citizenship , December 6, AAUP.

[32] Ness, I. (2015) Southern Insurgency: The Coming of the Global Working Class , London: Pluto Press.

[33] Noble, D. (2001) Digital Diploma Mills: The Automation of Higher Education , New York: Monthly Review Press.

[34] Noble, D. (2002) ‘Technology and the commodification of higher education’, Monthly Review , 53(10): 26–40. Accessed November, 26, 2016, http://monthlyreview.org/2002/03/01/technology-and-the-commodification-of-higher-education/.

[35] Oberhauser, A. (1990) ‘Social and spatial patterns under Fordism and flexible accumulation’, Antipode , 22(3): 211–32.

[36] Ovetz, R. (1996a) ‘Entrepreneurialization, resistance and the crisis of the universities: A case study of the University of Texas at Austin’, Ph.D. Dissertation.

[37] Ovetz, R. (1996b) ‘Turning resistance into rebellion: Student struggles and the global entrepreneurialization of the universities’, Capital & Class , no. 58, Spring: 113–44.

[38] Ovetz, R. (2015a) ‘Migrant mindworkers and the new division of academic labour’, Working USA , 18 (3): 331–47.

[39] Ovetz, R. (2015b) ‘When Hephaestus fell to earth: Harry Braverman and the division of labour in academia’, Labour Studies Journal , no. 40, Vol. 3: 243–61.

[40] Ovetz, R. (2015c) ‘The new Jim Crow in higher education: Online education and the community colleges’, Paper presented at the Pacific Sociological Association, April.

[41] Ovetz, R. (2017) ‘Higher education and the zerowork paradox: Online education, contingency, and the new division of academic labor’, Capital @ 150, Hofstra University, April, 6.

[42] Panzieri, R. (1976) ‘Surplus value and planning: Notes on the reading of capital’, The Labour Process & Class Strategies , CSE Pamphlet No. 1, London: Conference of Socialist Economists: 4–25.

[43] Rhoades, G. (1996) ‘Reorganizing the faculty workforce for flexibility: Part-time professional labour’, The Journal of Higher Education , 67 (6): 626–59.

[44] Rhoades, G. & S. Slaughter (1997) ‘Academic capitalism, managed professionals, and supply-side higher education’, Social Text , No. 51: 9–38.

[45] Rhoades, G. (2013) ‘Disruptive innovations for adjunct faculty: Common sense for the common good’, Thought & Action , 29: 1–16.

[46] Ritzer, G. (1998) The McDonaldization Thesis: Explorations and Extensions , London: Sage.

[47] Robinson, W. (2002), ‘Remapping development in light of globalisation: From a territorial to a social cartography’, Third World Quarterly , 23 (6): 1047–71.

[48] Rubel, A. & K. Jones (2014) ‘Student privacy in learning analytics: An information ethics perspective’, September, 3, The Information Society . Accessed March, 10, 2015 from http://ssrn.com/abstract=2533704.

[49] Sachs, J. (1989) Developing Country Debt and Economic Performance , Vols. 1 and 2, Chicago: Chicago University Press.

[50] Schapper, J. & S. Mayson (2005) ‘Managerialism, internationalization, taylorization and the deskilling of academic work: Evidence from an Australian university’ in P. Ninnes and M. Hellstén (eds) Internationalizing Higher Education: Critical Explorations of Pedagogy and Policy , CERC Studies in Comparative Education 16, Germany: Springer: 181–97.

[51] Slaughter, S. & G. Rhoades (2004) Academic Capitalism and the New Economy: Markets, State, and Higher Education , Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

[52] Smith, Vernon C. (2007) ‘A systems approach to strategic success with adjunct faculty’, New Directions for Community Colleges , 2007 (140): 55–66.

[53] Smith, Vernon C. & G. Rhoades. (2006) ‘Community college faculty and web-based classes’, Thought & Action , Fall: 97–110.

[54] Thornton, J. (2013) ‘Community colleges: Ready to disrupt again!’, in R. Glasper and Gerardo de los Santos (eds) Disruptive Innovation and the Community College , League for Innovation in the Community College: 41–49.

[55] Tronti, M. (1962) ‘La fabbrica e la società’, Quaderni Rossi , 2: 1–31. Translation by H. Cleaver.

[56] Tronti, M. (1973) ‘Il Piano del capitale’, Quaderni Rossi , 3: 44–73. Translation published in Telos 1973, 17: 98–121.

[57] US Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics (2011) ‘The condition of education 2011’ (NCES 2011–033). Indicator 43, 2011. Accessed March, 6, 2015, http://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=80.

[58] Veblen, T. (1921) The Engineers and Their Price System , Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Library.

[59] Veblen, T. (1948) ‘The discipline of the machine’ in The Portable Veblen: The Essence of the Work and Thought of One of America's Great Original Minds , New York: Viking: 335–48.

[60] Wages for Students (1975) ‘Wages for Students’, np. Accessed November, 26, 2016, http://zerowork.org/WagesForStudents.html.

[61] Ward, S. (2012) Neoliberalism and the Global Restructuring of Knowledge and Education , New York: Routledge.

[62] Ward, S. (2015) ‘No Child Left Behind Goes to College’, Academe , September-October: 12–15.

[63] Ward, S. (2016) ‘The competency-based approach to higher education: Are the AAC&U and other organizations destroying liberal traditions?’ Thought & Action , Summer: 25–36. Accessed November, 26, 2016, https://www.nea.org/assets/docs/TA.Fall2016.Ward.pdf.

[64] Williamson, J. (1993) ‘Democracy and the “Washington Consensus”’, World Development , 21 (8): 1329–36.

[65] Woudhuysen, J. (2002) ‘The online campus’, in D. Hayes and R. Wynyard (eds) The McDonaldization of Higher Education , Westport: Bergin & Garvey: 84–102.