522
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    1
    shares

      Call for Papers: Hierarchies of domesticity – spatial and social boundaries. Deadline for submissions is 30th September, 2024Full details can be read here.

      Articles to be no longer than 6,000 words (excluding footnotes and bibliography) and submitted in two forms: an anonymised version in which all references to the authors’ institution and publications are omitted; and a full version including the authors’ titles and institutional affiliations. For complete instructions on style, formatting, etc., please consult: https://www.plutojournals.com/wp-content/uploads/WOLG-Instructions-for-Authors2023.pdf 

      scite_
       
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      (Shared) ethnicity in ethnographic research on clandestine and informal practices in the migrant and ethnic minority economy : Methodological and ethical challenges

      Published
      research-article
      Bookmark

            Abstract

            This article addresses the methodological and ethical challenges of ethnographic research on sensitive topics such as clandestine practices in the migrant and ethnic minority economy. Drawing on related criminological and sociology of deviance literature I draw on my experiences of insider-ethnographic research in the Chinese migrant and ethnic minority economy in the Netherlands and Romania to demonstrate how stigmas related to race/ethnicity and clandestine practices can strongly shape access, rapport and researcher’s positionality in the field. Research participants’ concerns about these stigmas also revealed ethical questions on how to report on clandestine and informal practices without contributing to further stigmatisation and racialisation. At the same time, my experiences show that whether clandestine practices and race/ethnicity are considered sensitive topics is an emergent issue. In the Netherlands, due to active enforcement of clandestine practices in the migrant and ethnic minority economy, these practices were a sensitive topic of inquiry. In Romania, by contrast, clandestine practices were not treated as sensitive subject matter as these were normalised by research participants and broader Romanian society, due to a lack of active enforcement and criminalisation.

            Content

            Author and article information

            Contributors
            Journal
            10.13169/workorgalaboglob
            Work Organisation, Labour & Globalisation
            WOLG
            Pluto Journals
            1745-6428
            1745-641X
            14 May 2022
            2022
            : 16
            : 1
            : 88-103
            Article
            10.13169/workorgalaboglob.16.1.0088
            25d32310-fbfd-451e-bbbe-38763db90c89

            All content is freely available without charge to users or their institutions. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission of the publisher or the author. Articles published in the journal are distributed under a http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

            History
            Page count
            Pages: 17

            Sociology,Labor law,Political science,Labor & Demographic economics,Political economics
            insider research,ethnography,participant observation,research on sensitive topics,Chinese migrant workers,Romania,Netherlands,Clandestine labour

            References

            1. (2020) ‘“Writing the other as other”: Exploring the othered lens in academia using collaborative autoethnography’, Decolonization of Criminology and Justice, 2 (1):83–108.

            2. (1992) ‘Facilitative aspects of field research with deviant street populations’, Sociological Inquiry, 62 (4):490–498.

            3. (2001) On Not Speaking Chinese: Living between Asia and the West, London: Routledge.

            4. (1963) Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance, New York: Free Press.

            5. (1967) ‘Whose side are we on?’, Social Problems, 14 (3):239–247.

            6. (2013) ‘Hidden dishes: How food gets on to our plates: Undocumented migrants and the restaurant and takeaway sector’, Journal of Workplace Rights, 17 (1):69–91.

            7. (2009) ‘Ethnicity, race, and nationalism’, Annual Review of Sociology, 35:21–42.

            8. (2013) ‘Becoming a “trusted outsider”: Gender, ethnicity, and inequality in ethnographic research’, Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 42:690–721.

            9. (1989) ‘World underneath: The origins, dynamics, and effects of the informal economy’ in (eds), The Informal Economy: Studies in Advanced and Less Developed Countries, London: Johns Hopkins University Press:11–37.

            10. (2021) ‘Introduction: The historicity of nation and contingency of ethnicity’ in (eds) Contesting Chineseness: Ethnicity, Identity, and Nation in China and Southeast Asia, Singapore: Springer:1–22.

            11. (2001) ‘“Do you really live here?” Thoughts on insider research’, Geographical Review, 91 (1–2):441–453. DOI:[Cross Ref]

            12. Dutch Supreme Court (2009) ‘Chinese catering sector case’, LJNBI7079.

            13. European Commission (2020) Guidance Note. Research on refugees, asylum seekers and& migrants. Accessed 12 July 2021. https://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/data/ref/h2020/other/hi/guide_research-refugees-migrants_en.pdf.

            14. (2016) Kwalitatieve analyse: Kunst én kunde, Amsterdam: Boom Uitgevers.

            15. (1998) ‘True confessions: Crime, deviance and field research’ in (eds) Ethnography at the Edge: Crime, Deviance, and Field Research, Boston, MA: Northeastern University:2–20.

            16. (2021) ‘Opposing the toxic apartheid: The painted veil of the COVID-19 pandemic, race and racism’, Gender, Work & Organization, 28:183–189.

            17. (2010) ‘Introduction’ in (eds) The Ethnicity Reader: Nationalism, Multiculturalism and Migration, Cambridge: Polity:11–21.

            18. (1998) ‘Confessions of danger and humanity’ in (eds) Ethnography at the Edge: Crime, Deviance, and Field Research, Boston, MA: Northeastern University:254–272.

            19. (2019) ‘Having a Chinese job: A study on interdependencies, vulnerabilities and opportunities within migrant businesses in Romania and the Netherlands’, Erasmus University Rotterdam (PhD thesis).

            20. (2020) ‘The client side of everyday corruption in Central and Eastern Europe: The case of Chinese migrant entrepreneurs in Romania’, European Journal of Criminology, 17 (6):877–895.

            21. (2021) ‘Navigeren in het onderzoeksveld en het onderzoekersveld: reflecties op onderzoekspositionaliteit in (vermeend) insideronderzoek’ [Navigating the research and researchers’ field: Reflections on positionality in (assumed) insider research], Kwalon. Tijdschrift voor kwalitatief onderzoek in Nederland, 26 (1):43–51.

            22. (2013) ‘“Maar Hollanders zouden zeggen dat het uitbuiting is …” Chinese restauranthouders en illegale Chinezen over werken bij “de Chinees”’, Tijdschrift voor Criminologie, 55 (1):44–59.

            23. (2016) ‘“But the Dutch would call it exploitation”. Crimmigration and the moral economy of the Chinese catering industry in the Netherlands’, Crime, Law & Social Change, 66:83–100.

            24. (1994) ‘Playing the field: Questions of fieldwork in geography’, The Professional Geographer, 46 (1):67–72.

            25. (2005) ‘Stereotyping Asian Americans: The dialectic of the model mi­nority and the yellow peril’, Howard Journal of Communications, 16 (2):109–130. DOI:[Cross Ref]

            26. (2012) ‘“Ethnic” family business or just family business? Human resource practices in the ethnic family firm’, Journal of Family Business Strategy, 3 (1):12–17.

            27. (1999) ‘Mixed embeddedness: (In)formal economic activities and immigrant businesses in the Netherlands’, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 23 (2):252–266.

            28. (2002) ‘The study of boundaries in the social sciences’, Annual Review of Sociology, 28 (1):167–195.

            29. (1990) ‘The problems of researching sensitive topics: An overview and introduction’, American Behavioral Scientist, 33 (5):510–528.

            30. (2021) ‘When “model minorities’ become “yellow peril”: Othering and the racialization of Asian Americans in the COVID-19 pandemic’, Sociology Compass, 15 (2). https://doi-org.eur.idm.oclc.org/10.1111/soc4.12849

            31. (2017) ‘Between marginality and privilege: Gaining access and navigating the field in multi-ethnic settings’, Qualitative Research, 17 (4):377–394.

            32. (1972) ‘Insiders and outsiders: A chapter in the sociology of knowledge’, American Journal of Sociology, 78 (1):9–47.

            33. (2011) ‘Fiery dragons: Chinese communities in central and eastern Eu­rope: With special focus on Hungary and Romania’, Religions & Christianity in Today’s China, 1 (1):71–86.

            34. NOS (March 2021) ‘Vorig jaar 500 visa voor Aziatische koks, ondanks langdurig gesloten horeca’ [Last year, 500 visas were provided to Asian cooks, despite the long-term closure of the catering sector]. Accessed 12 July 2021. https://nos.nl/artikel/2374310-vorig-jaar-500-visa-voor-aziatische-koks-ondanks-langdurig-gesloten-horeca

            35. (2018) ‘Reversing the gaze: Methodological reflections from the perspective of racial- and ethnic-minority researchers’, Qualitative Research, 18 (1):3–18.

            36. (2007) ‘Staying underground: Informal work, small firms and employment regulation in the United Kingdom’, Work and Occupations, 34 (3):318–344.

            37. (2017) ‘From the informal economy to the meaning of informality: Developing theory on firms and their workers’, International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 37 (7–8):361–373.

            38. (2019) ‘Reconceptualizing Informal Work Practices: Some Observations from an Ethnic Minority Community in Urban UK’, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 43 (3):476–496.

            39. (1997) ‘Situating knowledges: Positionality, reflexivities and other tactics’, Progress in Human Geography, 21 (3):305–320.

            40. (2016) ‘Ethnicity, crime and sex work: A triple taboo’ in (eds) Ethical Concerns in Research on Human Trafficking: Studies of Organized Crime, Cham: Springer:71–85.

            41. Spronsen & Partners (2019) Het Chinees-Indische restaurant in beeld [A picture of the Chinese-Indonesian restaurant], Leiden: Spronsen & Partners horeca-advies.

            42. (2018) ‘Resituating Erving Goffman: From stigma power to black power’, Sociological Review, 66 (4):744–765.

            43. (2019) ‘Ethnicity and crime in the Netherlands’, International Criminal Justice Review, 29 (2):187–204.

            44. (2010) ‘Criminaliteit, migratie en etniciteit: Nieuwe richtingen binnen een complex en beladen Onderzoeksterrein’, Tijdschrift voor Criminologie, 52 (2):107–121.

            45. (2012) Tussenland: Illegaal in Nederland, 1945–2000, Hilversum: Uitgeverij Verloren.

            46. VCHO (July 2020) ‘De Chinees neemt af in aantal’ [The number of Chinese restaurants is declining]. Accessed 12 July 2021. https://vcho.nl/de-chinees-neemt-af-in-aantal/

            47. (2021) ‘Researching migrant entrepreneurship communities: A reflection through collaborative (auto)ethnographies’, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 17:507–526. https://doi-org.eur.idm.oclc.org/10.1007/s11365-020-00706-6

            48. Rodionova (2011) ‘Methodological issues in studying hidden populations operating in the informal economy’, International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 31 (11/12):697–716.

            49. (2015) Daling aantal restaurants zet door. Accessed 11 July 2021. https://www.missethoreca.nl/restaurant/nieuws/2015/04/daling-aantal-restaurants-zet-door-101197434

            50. (1990) ‘Opportunities, group characteristics and strategies’ in & Associates Associates (eds) Ethnic Entrepreneurs. Immigrant Business in Industrial Societies, Sage Series on Race and Ethnic Relations, London: Sage:106–131.

            51. (2021) ‘Explaining the informal economy in Western Europe: Beyond a rational economic actor perspective’, Journal of Economic Studies, 48 (5):1084–1096. https://doi-org.eur.idm.oclc.org/10.1108/JES-05-2020-0233

            52. (1986) Chineezen en ander Aziatisch ongedierte: Lotgevallen van Chinese immigranten in Nederland, 1911–1940 [The Chinese and other Asian vermin: the fate of Chinese immigrants in the Netherlands, 1911–1940], Amsterdam: De Walburg Pers.

            53. (2009) ‘Emerging transnational migrant networks in Eastern Europe: The Chinese community in Bucharest post-1989’ in (eds) Ethnicity, Belonging and Biography. Ethnographical and Biographical Perspectives, Munster: LIT Verlag:203–229.

            54. (2016) ‘Negotiating constructions of insider and outsider status in research with veiled Muslim women victims of Islamophobic hate crime’, Sociological Research Online, 21 (4):70–81. https://doi.org/10.5153/sro.4080

            55. (1992) Chinatown: The Socioeconomic Potential of an Urban Enclave, Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

            56. (2004) ‘Revisiting ethnic entrepreneurship: Convergencies, controversies, and conceptual advancements’, International Migration Review, 38 (3):1040–1074.

            Comments

            Comment on this article