Unpaid work, capital and coercion

Norene Pupo, null; Ann Duffy, null

doi:10.13169/workorgalaboglob.6.1.0027

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Work Organisation, Labour and Globalisation

Volume 6, Issue 1

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Unpaid work, capital and coercion

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Author(s): Norene Pupo , Ann Duffy

Publication date (Print): Spring 2012

Journal: Work Organisation, Labour and Globalisation

Publisher: Pluto Journals

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Abstract

Over the past several decades, household work has generated a dramatic outflow of research and theory on unpaid work. Here, the authors (who shared equally in the writing of this paper) examine multiple forms of unpaid work and propose that in the contemporary capitalist economy the key dimensions of unpaid work are: first, that it is not compensated in terms of direct payments by capital; second, that elsewhere in the economy the same activities are paid; and, lastly, that participation in unpaid work is directly related to socially constructed power relations. Within this framework, they point out the complex and dynamic interplay between unpaid work and patterns of social inequality. In conclusion, it is proposed that approaching unpaid work, and in particular domestic labour, in this broader context and in terms of more nuanced treatments of power provides a fuller understanding of the issues and suggests that unpaid work may be in the midst of dramatic expansion. The implications of this growth for individuals and societies around the globe warrant researchers' attention.

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Journal

Journal ID (doi): 10.13169

Journal ID (publisher-id): workorgalaboglob

Title: Work Organisation, Labour and Globalisation

Publisher: Pluto Journals

ISSN (Print): 1745641X

ISSN (Electronic): 17456428

Publication date (Print): Spring 2012

Volume: 6

Issue: 1

Pages: 27-47

Article

Publisher ID: workorgalaboglob.6.1.0027

DOI: 10.13169/workorgalaboglob.6.1.0027

SO-VID: 921aa13d-e4e9-4989-ae77-be27bf81b14e

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History

ScienceOpen disciplines: Sociology,Labor law,Political science,Labor & Demographic economics,Political economics

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Comments

Comment on this article

[1] Anderson, B. (2000) Doing the Dirty Work: The Global Politics of Domestic Labour , London: Zed Books.

[2] Armstrong, P. (1984) Labour Pains: Women's Work in Crisis , Toronto: Women's Press.

[3] Armstrong, P. H. Armstrong (1994) The Double Ghetto: Canadian Women and Their Segregated Work , Toronto: McClelland and Stewart.

[4] Armstrong, P., H. Armstrong & K. Scott-Dixon. (2008) Critical to Care: The Invisible Women in Health Services , Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

[5] Baldock, C. (1998) ‘Feminist Discourses of Unwaged Work: The Case of Volunteerism’, Australian Feminist Studies April. 13:27:19–34.

[6] Bascaramurty, D. (2011) ‘Working for Free: Graduates are Happy to Get Any Work Experience, But Are Unpaid Internships Worth It?’ The Globe and Mail , July, 19. Available at: globeandmail.com/life.

[7] Basso, P. (1998) Modern Times, Ancient Hours: Working Lives in the Twenty-first Century , London: Verso.

[8] Bell, D. N.F. & R. A. Hart (1999) ‘Unpaid Work’. Economica , 66:271–290.

[9] Bittman, M., J. M. Rice, & J. Wajcman. (2004) ‘Appliances and their Impact: The Ownership of Domestic Technology and Time Spent on Household Work’, The British Journal of Sociology . 55(3):401–423.

[10] Brazao, D. (2009) ‘Nannies Anti-Exploitation Law Passes’, The Toronto Star , December 11. Accessed on November 1^st, 2011 from http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/article/737520–nannies-anti-exploitation-law-passes

[11] Burns, S. (2000) ‘New Economy, New Equality: The Need to Recognize the Value of Unpaid Work’, New Economy , 7 (2):111–113.

[12] Campbell, I. (2002) ‘Snatching at the Wind?: Unpaid Overtime and Trade Unions in Australia’, International Journal of Employment Studies , 10:2 (October):109–156.

[13] Chang, G. (2000) Disposable Domestics: Immigrant Women Workers in the Global Economy , Cambridge, Mass.: South End Press.

[14] Chappell, N. & M. J. Prince (1997) ‘Reasons Why Canadian Seniors Volunteer’, Canadian Journal on Aging , 16:2, Summer, 336–353.

[15] Charles, N. & E. James (2003)‘Gender and Work Orientations in Conditions of Job Insecurity’, British Journal of Sociology , 54 (2):239–257.

[16] Clark, W. (2000) ‘Traffic Report: Weekday Commuting Patterns,’ Canadian Social Trends , Statistics Canada—Catalogue No. 11-008, Spring, Number 56, 18–22.

[17] Clawson, D. (2003) The Next Upsurge: Labor and the New Social Movements , Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

[18] Corman, J. & M. Luxton. (2007) ‘Social Reproduction and the Changing Dynamics of Unpaid Household and Caregiving Work’, in V. Shalla & W. Clement (eds.) Work in Tumultuous Times: Critical Perspectives , Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press:262–288.

[19] Crompton, R., M. Brockman & C. Lyonette (2005) ‘Attitudes, Women's Employment and the Domestic Division of Labour: A Cross-National Analysis in Two Waves’, Work, Employment and Society , 9(2):213–233.

[20] De Beauvoir, S. (1976) The Second Sex , Translated by H. M. Parshley, New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

[21] Duffy, A. (2011a) ‘The Lengthening Shadow of Employment: Working Time Re-Examined’, in N. Pupo, D. Glenday & A. Duffy (eds.) The Shifting Landscape of Work , Toronto: Nelson:155–176.

[22] Duffy, A. (2011b) ‘Families in Tough Times: The Impact of Economic Crises on Canadian Families’, in N. Mandell & A. Duffy (eds.) Canadian Families: Diversity, Conflict and Change , 4th Edition, Toronto: Nelson:164–210.

[23] Duffy, A., N. Mandell & N. Pupo (1989) Few Choices: Women, Work and Family , Toronto: Garamond Press.

[24] Duffy, A. & N. Pupo (1992) Part-Time Paradox: Connecting Gender, Work and Family , Toronto: McClelland & Stewart.

[25] Eckstein, S. (2001) ‘Community as Gift-Giving: Collectivist Roots of Volunteerism in America’, American Sociological Review , 66:6 (December):829–851.

[26] Ehrenreich, B. & A. R. Hochschild (eds.) (2002) Global Woman: Nannies, Maids, and Sex Workers in the New Economy , New York: Owl Books.

[27] Eichler, M. & P. Albanese. (2007) ‘What is Household Work? A Critique of Assumptions Underlying Empirical Studies of Housework and an Alternative Approach’, The Canadian Journal of Sociology , 32(2):227–258.

[28] Esping-Andersen, G. (ed.) (1996) Welfare States in Transition: Social Security in the New Global Economy , London: Sage.

[29] Esping-Andersen, G. (1990) The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism , Cambridge: Polity Press.

[30] Esping-Andersen, G., D. Gallie, A. Hemerijck & J. Myles (2002) Why We Need a New Welfare State , London: Oxford University Press.

[31] Evans, P. & N. Pupo (1993) ‘Parental Leave: Assessing Women's Interests’, Canadian Journal of Women and the Law , 6 (2):402–418.

[32] Feldberg, R.L. & E. Nakano Glenn (1979) ‘Male and Female: Job Versus Gender Models in the Sociology of Work’, Social Problems , 26:5 (June):524–538.

[33] Friedan, B. (1963) The Feminine Mystique , New York: W. W. Norton & Company.

[34] Gerlach, K. & O. Hubler (1987) ‘Personalnebenkosten, Beschaftigung und Arbeitsstunden aus neoklassischer and und institutioneller Sicht’, in F. Buttler, K. Gerlach & R. Scheide (eds.) Arbeitsmarkt und Beschaftigung . Frankfurt: Campus:291–331.

[35] Glazer, N. Y. (1984) ‘Servants to Capital: Unpaid Domestic Labor and Paid Work’, Review of Radical Political Economics , 16:1, (Spring):60–87.

[36] Gorz, A. (1999) Reclaiming Work: Beyond the Wage-Based Society , Translated by Chris Turner, Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers.

[37] Goss, K. A. (1999) ‘Volunteering and the Long Civic Generation’, Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly , 28:4, December:378–415.

[38] Gottfried, H. (2004) ‘Gendering Globalization Discourses’, Critical Sociology , 30, (1) :9–15.

[39] Grassman, E. J. & L. Svedberg (1996) ‘Voluntary Action in a Scandinavian Welfare Context: The Case of Sweden’, Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly , December. 25, 4:415–427.

[40] Greenhouse, S. (2009) The Big Squeeze: tough Times for the American Worker , New York: Anchor Books.

[41] Haas, L. (2004) ‘Parental Leave and Gender Inequality: What Can the United States Learn from the European Union?’, in H. Gottfried & L. Reese (eds.) Equity in the Workplace: Gendering Workplace Policy Analysis , Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books:183–214.

[42] Hall, M., D. Lasby, G. Gumulka, & C. Tryon (2006) Caring Canadians, Involved Canadians: Highlights from the 2004 Canada Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating , Ottawa: Ministry of Industry.

[43] Hall, P. & D. Soskice (2001) Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage , Oxford: Oxford University Press.

[44] Heilman, M. E. (2001) ‘Description and Prescription: How Gender Stereotypes Prevent Women's Ascent Up the Organizational Ladder’, Journal of Social Issues , 57:4, 657–674.

[45] Hochschild, A. R. (2002) ‘Love and Gold’, in B. Ehrenreich & A. Hochschild, editors, Global Women: Nannies, Maids and Sex Workers in the New Economy . New York: Owl Books.

[46] Hofmeister, H. (2003) ‘Commuting Clocks: Journey to Work’, in P. Moen (ed.) It's About Time: Couples and Careers , Ithaca: Cornell University Press:60–79.

[47] Hondagneu-Sotelo, P. (2001) Domestica: Immigrant Workers Cleaning and Caring in the Shadows of Affluence , Berkeley: University of California Press.

[48] Hook, J. L. (2006) ‘Care in Context: Men's Unpaid Work in 20 Countries, 1965–2003’, American Sociological Review , 71 (4):639–660.

[49] Hook, J. L. (2004) ‘Reconsidering the Division of Household Labor: Incorporating Volunteer Work and Informal Support’, Journal of Marriage and the Family , 66 (February):101–117.

[50] Hyatt, S. B. (2001) ‘From Citizen to Volunteer: Neoliberal Governance and the Erasure of Poverty’, in J. Goode & J. Maskovsky (eds.) The New Poverty Studies: The Ethnography of Power, Politics, and Impoverished People in the United States , New York: New York University Press:201–235.

[51] Jenson, J. (1997) ‘Who Cares? Gender and Welfare Regimes’, Social Politics , 4 (2):182–187.

[52] Jenson, J. & M. Sineau (2001) Who Cares? Women's Work, Childcare, and Welfare State Redesign , Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

[53] Johnson, J. (2002) Getting By on the Minimum: The Lives of Working-Class Women , New York: Routledge.

[54] Jones, F. (1999) ‘Seniors Who Volunteer’, Perspectives on Labour and Income , Statistics Canada – Catalogue No. 75-001-XPE, Autumn:9–18.

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