Class, Demography, and Gay Politics in the West

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World Review of Political Economy

Volume 11, Issue 1

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Class, Demography, and Gay Politics in the West

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Author(s): Paul Cockshott

Publication date (Print): 1 April 2020

Journal: World Review of Political Economy

Publisher: Pluto Journals

Keywords: class, gay economics, demographics

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Abstract

We examine the economic position of gay couples and show that they are relatively advantaged compared to heterosexual ones, with this advantage being most marked for male same-sex couples. We argue that the issue of gay marriage has to be seen in the context of a general demographic crisis affecting Western capitalist countries. We look at the impact of this on profitability and growth.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (doi): 10.2307/j50005553

Journal ID (jcode): worlrevipoliecon

Title: World Review of Political Economy

Publisher: Pluto Journals

ISSN: 2042-891X

ISSN: 2042-8928

Publication date (Print): 1 April 2020

Volume: 11

Issue: 1 ( doiID: 10.13169/worlrevipoliecon.11.issue-1 )

Pages: 95-114

Article

Publisher ID: worlrevipoliecon.11.1.0095

DOI: 10.13169/worlrevipoliecon.11.1.0095

SO-VID: cc6c1a38-b0c8-4db4-bbf1-551fa4af6f53

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lang eng

ScienceOpen disciplines: Political economics

Keywords: gay economics,class,demographics

References

Ahmed, A. M., L. Andersson, and M. Hammarstedt. 2011. “Inter-and Intra-household Earnings Differentials among Homosexual and Heterosexual Couples.” British Journal of Industrial Relations 49 (s2): s258–s278.
Andersen, R., and T. Fetner. 2008. “Economic Inequality and Intolerance: Attitudes toward Homosexuality in 35 Democracies.” American Journal of Political Science 52 (4): 942–958.
Arabsheibani, G. R., A. Marin, and J. Wadsworth. 2005. “Gay Pay in the UK.” Economica 72 (286): 333–347.
Berg, N., and D. Lien. 2002. “Measuring the Effect of Sexual Orientation on Income: Evidence of Discrimination?” Contemporary Economic Policy 20 (4): 394–414.
Bhroin, F. N. 2009. “Feminism and the Same-Sex Marriage Debate.” Accessed June 17, 2018. http://docplayer.net/20992686-Feminism-and-the-same-sex-marriage-debate-author-feargha-ni-bhroin.html.
Billari, F. C., A. Goisis, A. C. Liefbroer, R. A. Settersten, A. Aassve, G. Hagestad, and Z. Spéder. 2010. “Social Age Deadlines for the Childbearing of Women and Men.” Human Reproduction 26 (3): 616–622.
Billy, J. O., K. Tanfer, W. R. Grady, and D. H. Klepinger. 1993. “The Sexual Behavior of Men in the United States.” Family Planning Perspectives 25 (2): 52–60.
Black, D., G. Gates, S. Sanders, and L. Taylor. 2000. “Demographics of the Gay and Lesbian Population in the United States: Evidence from Available Systematic Data Sources.” Demography 37 (2): 139–154.
Black, D., S. Sanders, and L. Taylor. 2007. “The Economics of Lesbian and Gay Families.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 21 (2): 53–70.
Blau, F. D., and L. M. Kahn. 2007. “Changes in the Labor Supply Behavior of Married Women: 1980–2000.” Journal of Labor Economics 25 (3): 393–438.
Carchedi, G., and M. Roberts. 2013. “The Long Roots of the Present Crisis: Keynesians, Austerians, and Marx's Law.” World Review of Political Economy 4 (1): 86–115.
Cheung, N. F. 2002. “The Cultural and Social Meanings of Childbearing for Chinese and Scottish Women in Scotland.” Midwifery 18 (4): 279–295.
Colman, R., and G. Atlantic. 1998. “The Economic Value of Unpaid Housework and Child Care in Nova Scotia.” Report of GPI Atlantic Halifax. Accessed June 16, 2018. www.gpiatlantic.org/publications/summaries/houseworksumm.pdf.
Edgerton, D. 2011. Shock of the Old: Technology and Global History since 1900. London: Profile Books.
Eichengreen, B., D. Park, and K. Shin. 2012. “When Fast-Growing Economies Slow Down: International Evidence and Implications for China.” Asian Economic Papers 11 (1): 42–87.
Embrick, D. G., C. S. Walther, and C. M. Wickens. 2007. “Working Class Masculinity: Keeping Gay Men and Lesbians Out of the Workplace.” Sex Roles 56 (11–12): 757–766.
Freeman, A. 2015. “Self-Imposed Division, Overlooked Continuity: Marx, Keynes and the Rate of Profit.” Accessed June 18, 2018. http://www.academia.edu/22259154/Self-imposed_division_overlooked_continuity_Marx_Keynes_and_the_Rate_of_Profit.
Halliburton, R. 2015. “How Marine Le Pen is Winning France's Gay Vote.” The Spectator, January 24. Accessed June 16, 2018. https://www.spectator.co.uk/2015/01/how-marine-le-pen-is-winning-frances-gay-vote/.
Hayes, P., and K. Ford. 1995. “Turing Test Considered Harmful.” In International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 972–977. Burlington, MA: Morgan Kaufmann.
Hickson, A. 1991. “From Sinful Aberration to a Dangerous Minority: The Changing Conceptualization of Homosexuality in Post-War Britain.” PhD diss., University of Essex.
Kaufman, G., and P. Uhlenberg. 2000. “The Influence of Parenthood on the Work Effort of Married Men and Women.” Social Forces 78 (3): 931–947.
Keynes, J. M. 1936. The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. London: Macmillan.
Mao, Z. 1960. Analysis of the Classes in Chinese Society. Peking: Foreign Languages Press. Marquetti, A. 2003. “Analyzing Historical and Regional Patterns of Technical Change from a Classical–Marxian Perspective.” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 52 (2): 191–200.
Marquetti, A., and D. Foley. 2012. “Extended Penn World Tables: Economic Growth Data on 118 Countries.” New School University Working Papers. Accessed June 17, 2018. https://sites.google.com/a/newschool.edu/duncan-foley-homepage/home/EPWT.
Monbiot, G. 2014. “No Wonder Landowners are Scared. We are Starting to Learn Who Owns Britain.” The Guardian, December 3.
Nair, Y. 2015. “The Secret History of Gay Marriage.” Accessed June 16, 2018. http://yasminnair.net/content/secret-history-gay-marriage.
Piketty, T. 2014. Capital in the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Smith, A. 1974. The Wealth of Nations. London: Penguin Books.
Solow, R. M. 1956. “A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 70 (1): 65–94.
Statistics Canada. 2011. “General Social Survey—2010 Overview of the Time Use of Canadians.” Accessed June 16, 2018. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-647-x/89-647-x2011001-eng.htm.
Zachariah, D. 2009. “Determinants of the Average Profit Rate and the Trajectory of Capitalist Economies.” Bulletin of Political Economy 3: 13–36.

Comments

Comment on this article

[1] Ahmed, A. M., L. Andersson, and M. Hammarstedt. 2011. “Inter-and Intra-household Earnings Differentials among Homosexual and Heterosexual Couples.” British Journal of Industrial Relations 49 (s2): s258–s278.

[2] Andersen, R., and T. Fetner. 2008. “Economic Inequality and Intolerance: Attitudes toward Homosexuality in 35 Democracies.” American Journal of Political Science 52 (4): 942–958.

[3] Arabsheibani, G. R., A. Marin, and J. Wadsworth. 2005. “Gay Pay in the UK.” Economica 72 (286): 333–347.

[4] Berg, N., and D. Lien. 2002. “Measuring the Effect of Sexual Orientation on Income: Evidence of Discrimination?” Contemporary Economic Policy 20 (4): 394–414.

[5] Bhroin, F. N. 2009. “Feminism and the Same-Sex Marriage Debate.” Accessed June 17, 2018. http://docplayer.net/20992686-Feminism-and-the-same-sex-marriage-debate-author-feargha-ni-bhroin.html.

[6] Billari, F. C., A. Goisis, A. C. Liefbroer, R. A. Settersten, A. Aassve, G. Hagestad, and Z. Spéder. 2010. “Social Age Deadlines for the Childbearing of Women and Men.” Human Reproduction 26 (3): 616–622.

[7] Billy, J. O., K. Tanfer, W. R. Grady, and D. H. Klepinger. 1993. “The Sexual Behavior of Men in the United States.” Family Planning Perspectives 25 (2): 52–60.

[8] Black, D., G. Gates, S. Sanders, and L. Taylor. 2000. “Demographics of the Gay and Lesbian Population in the United States: Evidence from Available Systematic Data Sources.” Demography 37 (2): 139–154.

[9] Black, D., S. Sanders, and L. Taylor. 2007. “The Economics of Lesbian and Gay Families.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 21 (2): 53–70.

[10] Blau, F. D., and L. M. Kahn. 2007. “Changes in the Labor Supply Behavior of Married Women: 1980–2000.” Journal of Labor Economics 25 (3): 393–438.

[11] Carchedi, G., and M. Roberts. 2013. “The Long Roots of the Present Crisis: Keynesians, Austerians, and Marx's Law.” World Review of Political Economy 4 (1): 86–115.

[12] Cheung, N. F. 2002. “The Cultural and Social Meanings of Childbearing for Chinese and Scottish Women in Scotland.” Midwifery 18 (4): 279–295.

[13] Colman, R., and G. Atlantic. 1998. “The Economic Value of Unpaid Housework and Child Care in Nova Scotia.” Report of GPI Atlantic Halifax. Accessed June 16, 2018. www.gpiatlantic.org/publications/summaries/houseworksumm.pdf.

[14] Edgerton, D. 2011. Shock of the Old: Technology and Global History since 1900. London: Profile Books.

[15] Eichengreen, B., D. Park, and K. Shin. 2012. “When Fast-Growing Economies Slow Down: International Evidence and Implications for China.” Asian Economic Papers 11 (1): 42–87.

[16] Embrick, D. G., C. S. Walther, and C. M. Wickens. 2007. “Working Class Masculinity: Keeping Gay Men and Lesbians Out of the Workplace.” Sex Roles 56 (11–12): 757–766.

[17] Freeman, A. 2015. “Self-Imposed Division, Overlooked Continuity: Marx, Keynes and the Rate of Profit.” Accessed June 18, 2018. http://www.academia.edu/22259154/Self-imposed_division_overlooked_continuity_Marx_Keynes_and_the_Rate_of_Profit.

[18] Halliburton, R. 2015. “How Marine Le Pen is Winning France's Gay Vote.” The Spectator, January 24. Accessed June 16, 2018. https://www.spectator.co.uk/2015/01/how-marine-le-pen-is-winning-frances-gay-vote/.

[19] Hayes, P., and K. Ford. 1995. “Turing Test Considered Harmful.” In International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 972–977. Burlington, MA: Morgan Kaufmann.

[20] Hickson, A. 1991. “From Sinful Aberration to a Dangerous Minority: The Changing Conceptualization of Homosexuality in Post-War Britain.” PhD diss., University of Essex.

[21] Kaufman, G., and P. Uhlenberg. 2000. “The Influence of Parenthood on the Work Effort of Married Men and Women.” Social Forces 78 (3): 931–947.

[22] Keynes, J. M. 1936. The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. London: Macmillan.

[23] Mao, Z. 1960. Analysis of the Classes in Chinese Society. Peking: Foreign Languages Press. Marquetti, A. 2003. “Analyzing Historical and Regional Patterns of Technical Change from a Classical–Marxian Perspective.” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 52 (2): 191–200.

[24] Marquetti, A., and D. Foley. 2012. “Extended Penn World Tables: Economic Growth Data on 118 Countries.” New School University Working Papers. Accessed June 17, 2018. https://sites.google.com/a/newschool.edu/duncan-foley-homepage/home/EPWT.

[25] Monbiot, G. 2014. “No Wonder Landowners are Scared. We are Starting to Learn Who Owns Britain.” The Guardian, December 3.

[26] Nair, Y. 2015. “The Secret History of Gay Marriage.” Accessed June 16, 2018. http://yasminnair.net/content/secret-history-gay-marriage.

[27] Piketty, T. 2014. Capital in the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

[28] Smith, A. 1974. The Wealth of Nations. London: Penguin Books.

[29] Solow, R. M. 1956. “A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 70 (1): 65–94.

[30] Statistics Canada. 2011. “General Social Survey—2010 Overview of the Time Use of Canadians.” Accessed June 16, 2018. https://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-647-x/89-647-x2011001-eng.htm.

[31] Zachariah, D. 2009. “Determinants of the Average Profit Rate and the Trajectory of Capitalist Economies.” Bulletin of Political Economy 3: 13–36.