Human Development Strategy in Small States

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World Review of Political Economy

Volume 8, Issue 3

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Human Development Strategy in Small States

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Author(s): Tim Anderson

Publication date (Print): Fall 2017

Journal: World Review of Political Economy

Publisher: Pluto Journals

Keywords: human development, small states, development strategy

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Abstract

What are the human development opportunities and challenges for small states in a multi-polar world? An answer to this question must consider human development strategies at large, the constraints imposed by neoliberal globalism and better practice in recent times. Small states have particular vulnerabilities but may also benefit from realignments within new regional blocs. There are already a number of relevant and important “post Washington Consensus” themes and lessons from the Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS), Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) and Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America (ALBA) groupings. These have much to do with redefined human development policies and less to do with extraction of natural resources. The best examples of human development come from those which are relatively resource poor but which have invested heavily in human capacity. This article considers the strategic opportunities and challenges for small states within the new forms of integration presented by an emerging multi-polar world with its new regional blocs. Best practice has come from sustained and focussed human capacity building, while the range of possible integration strategies in the new global environment could be characterised as passive integration, avoiding capture, counter-leverage and regional realignment, within and between the emerging blocs.

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Journal ID (doi): 10.13169

Journal ID (publisher-id): worlrevipoliecon

Title: World Review of Political Economy

Publisher: Pluto Journals

ISSN (Print): 2042891X

ISSN (Electronic): 20428928

Publication date (Print): Fall 2017

Volume: 8

Issue: 3

Pages: 349-364

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Publisher ID: worlrevipoliecon.8.3.0349

DOI: 10.13169/worlrevipoliecon.8.3.0349

SO-VID: d044bb78-7f66-4066-bd32-926748fe2548

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References

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Hoogvelt, A. 1997. Globalization and the Post-Colonial World . Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Huntington, S. P. 1999. “The Lonely Superpower.” Foreign Affairs 78 (2): 35–49.
Johnson, C. 1987. “Political Institutions and Economic Performance: The Government-Business Relationship in Japan, South Korea, and Japan.” in The Political Economy of the New Asian Industrialism , edited by F. C. Deyo, 136–64. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
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PIDF (Pacific Island Development Forum) 2016. Pacific Island Development Forum . http://pacificidf.org/.
Rosecrance, R. N. 1966. “Bipolarity, Multipolarity, and the Future.” The Journal of Conflict Resolution 10 (3): 314–27.
Sengupta, A. 2002. “On the Theory and Practice of the Right to Development.” Human Rights Quarterly 24 (4): 837–89.
Shah, R. 2005. “Looking to the North, Looking to the South … T&T Caught between FTAA and ALBA.” Trinicenter , August 17. http://www.trinicenter.com/Raffique/2005/Aug/172005.htm.
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Comment on this article

[1] Ahmed, F. 2009. “The Coup in Honduras, ALBA, and the English-Speaking Caribbean.” MRZine , August 13. http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/2009/ahmed130809.html.

[2] Anderson, T. 2010. “Cuban Health Cooperation in Timor Leste and the South West Pacific.” in South-South Development Cooperation: A Challenge to the Aid System? , by The Reality of Aid. https://www.cultura.gov.tl/sites/default/files/TAnderson_Cuban_health_cooperation_in_Timor_Leste_2010.pdf.

[3] Anderson, T. 2013. “Chapter 12: Development Strategy.” in The Politics of Timor-Leste , edited by M. Leach and D. Kingsbury, 257–83. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

[4] Anderson, T. 2014a. “Chávez and American Integration.” in Democracy, Revolution and Geopolitics in Latin America: Venezuela and the International Politics of Discontent , edited by L. F. Angosto-Ferrández, 13–46. New York: Routledge.

[5] Anderson, T. 2014b. “Human Development, the State and Participation.” Development Studies Research 1 (1): 64–74.

[6] Arreaza, T. 2004. “ALBA: Bolivarian Alternative for Latin America and the Caribbean.” Venezuela Analysis , January 30. http://venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/339.

[7] Barbosa da Silva, J., K. Desiraju, P. Matsoso, R. Minghui, and O. Salagay. 2014. “BRICS Cooperation in Strategic Health Projects.” Bulletin of the World Health Organization 92 (6): 388. http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/92/6/en/.

[8] Bass, S., and B. Dalal-Clayton. 1995. Small Island States and Sustainable Development: Strategic Issues and Experience . London: International Institute for Environment and Development. http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/7755IIED.pdf.

[9] Briguglio, L. 1995. “Small Island Developing States and Their Economic Vulnerabilities.” World Development 23 (9): 1615–32.

[10] Burnside, C., and D. Dollar. 1997. “Aid, Policies, and Growth.” Policy Research Working Paper Series 1777, World Bank, Washington, DC. http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2000/02/24/000009265_3971023104021/Rendered/PDF/multi_page.pdf.

[11] CARICOM. 2014. “PM Douglas Says ALBA Can Improve Important Sectors of the Region.” December 15. http://caricom.org/communications/view/pm-douglas-says-alba-can-improve-important-sectors-of-the-region.

[12] Chávez Frías, H. 2009. “The Multipolar World: The New World.” Latin American Herald Tribune . http://www.laht.com/article.asp?CategoryId=13303&ArticleId=343985.

[13] Cheru, F. 1999. “Effects of Structural Adjustment Policies on the Full Enjoyment of Human Rights.” Economic and Social Council, E/CN.4/1999/50, February 24. http://repository.un.org/bitstream/handle/11176/223546/E_CN.4_1999_50-EN.pdf.

[14] Chong, J. I. 2003. “Revisiting Responses to Power Preponderance: Going beyond the Balancing-Bandwagoning Dichotomy.” Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies. https://www.rsis.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/rsis-pubs/WP54.pdf.

[15] Cox, R. 1987. Production, Power, and World Order . New York: Columbia University Press.

[16] Crocombe, R. 2007. Asia in the Pacific Islands: Replacing the West . Suva: IPS Publications, University of the South Pacific.

[17] de la Barra, X., and R. A. Dello Buono. 2012. “From ALBA to CELAC: Toward Another Integration?” NACLA Report on the Americas 45 (2): 32–6.

[18] Desai, R. 2013. Geopolitical Economy . London: Pluto Press.

[19] Easterly, W., R. Levine, and D. Roodman. 2003. “New Data, New Doubts: Revisiting ‘Aid, Policies, and Growth.’” Working Papers 26, Center for Global Development. http://www.cgdev.org/publication/new-data-new-doubts-revisiting-aid-policies-and-growth-working-paper-26.

[20] ECLAC (Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean) 2012. “Development Paths in the Caribbean.” http://repositorio.cepal.org/handle/11362/38253.

[21] EEAS (European External Action Service) 2013. “EU Latin America and the Caribbean Summit 2013.” EEAS, January 1. http://www.eeas.europa.eu/top_stories/2013/2013_santiago_de_chile_summit_2013_en.htm.

[22] Fine, B., C. Lapavitsas, and J. Pincus, eds. 2001. Development Policy in the Twenty-First Century: Beyond the Post-Washington Consensus . London: Routledge.

[23] Flinders, M. 2005. “The Politics of Public-Private Partnerships.” The British Journal of Politics & International Relations 7 (2): 215–39.

[24] Gowdy, J. M., and C. N. McDaniel. 1999. “The Physical Destruction of Nauru: An Example of Weak Sustainability.” Land Economics 75 (2): 333–38.

[25] Grice, K., and D. Drakakis-Smith. 1985. “The Role of the State in Shaping Development: Two Decades of Growth in Singapore.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers (New Series) 10 (3): 347–59.

[26] Harvey, D. 2005. A Brief History of Neoliberalism . New York: Oxford University Press.

[27] Hettne, B. 1996. “Globalization, the New Regionalism and East Asia.” Paper presented at the Global Seminar '96, Shonan Session at the United Nations University, Hayama, September 2–6. http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/globalism.html.

[28] Hiro, D. 2010. After Empire: The Birth of a Multipolar World . New York: Nation Books.

[29] Hoogvelt, A. 1997. Globalization and the Post-Colonial World . Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

[30] Huntington, S. P. 1999. “The Lonely Superpower.” Foreign Affairs 78 (2): 35–49.

[31] Johnson, C. 1987. “Political Institutions and Economic Performance: The Government-Business Relationship in Japan, South Korea, and Japan.” in The Political Economy of the New Asian Industrialism , edited by F. C. Deyo, 136–64. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

[32] Keohane, R. 1982. “The Demand for International Regimes.” International Organization 36 (2): 325–55.

[33] Kim, E. M. 1997. Big Business, Strong State: Collusion and Conflict in South Korean Development, 1960–1990 . New York: State University of New York Press.

[34] Kindleberger, C. 1974. The World in Depression, 1929–1939 . Berkeley: University of California Press.

[35] Kirk, J., and M. Erisman. 2009. Cuban Medical Internationalism: Origins, Evolution, and Goals . New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

[36] Kolodko, G. W. 1999. “Transition to a Market Economy and Sustained Growth. Implications for the Post-Washington Consensus.” Communist and Post-Communist Studies 32 (3): 233–61.

[37] Krausmann, F., R. Richter, and N. Eisenmenger. 2014. “Resource Use in Small Island States.” Journal of Industrial Ecology 18 (2): 294–305.

[38] Linares, R. 2011. “The ALBA Alliance and the Construction of a New Latin American Regionalism.” International Journal of Cuban Studies 3(2/3): 145–56.

[39] Masud, N., and B. Yontcheva. 2005. “Does Foreign Aid Reduce Poverty? Empirical Evidence from Nongovernmental and Bilateral Aid.” IMF Working Paper 05/100. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2005/wp05100.pdf.

[40] Mishra, P., and D. Newhouse. 2007. “Health Aid and Infant Mortality.” IMF Working Paper 07/100. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2007/wp07100.pdf.

[41] PIDF (Pacific Island Development Forum) 2016. Pacific Island Development Forum . http://pacificidf.org/.

[42] Rosecrance, R. N. 1966. “Bipolarity, Multipolarity, and the Future.” The Journal of Conflict Resolution 10 (3): 314–27.

[43] Sengupta, A. 2002. “On the Theory and Practice of the Right to Development.” Human Rights Quarterly 24 (4): 837–89.

[44] Shah, R. 2005. “Looking to the North, Looking to the South … T&T Caught between FTAA and ALBA.” Trinicenter , August 17. http://www.trinicenter.com/Raffique/2005/Aug/172005.htm.

[45] Snidal, D. 1985. “The Limits of Hegemonic Stability Theory.” International Organization 39 (4): 579–614.

[46] Spiegel, J., and A. Yassi. 2004. “Lessons from the Margins of Globalization: Appreciating the Cuban Health Paradox.” Journal of Public Health Policy 25 (1): 85–110.

[47] Stiglitz, J. 2002. Globalization and Its Discontents . New York: W.W. Norton.

[48] Svampa, M. 2013. “Resource Extractivism and Alternatives: Latin American Perspectives on Development.” in Beyond Development: Alternative Visions from Latin America , edited by M. Lang and D. Mokrani, 117–44. Amsterdam: Transnational Institute. https://www.tni.org/files/download/beyonddevelopment_complete.pdf.

[49] Tsygankov, A. P. 2005. “Vladimir Putin's Vision of Russia as a Normal Great Power.” Post-Soviet Affairs 21 (2): 132–58.

[50] Tussie, D., and P. Riggirozzi. 2012. The Rise of Post-Hegemonic Regionalism: The Case of Latin America . United Nations University Series on Regionalism (Book 4). New York: Springer.

[51] UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) 2013. Human Development Report 2013 . http://hdr.undp.org/en/2013-report.

[52] UNGA (United Nations General Assembly). 1986. “Declaration on the Right to Development.” UNGA, A/RES/41/128, December 4. http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/41/a41r128.htm.

[53] UN-OHRLLS (United Nations-Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States) 2011. “Small Island Developing States: Small Islands Big(ger) Stakes.” http://unohrlls.org/custom-content/uploads/2013/08/SIDS-Small-Islands-Bigger-Stakes.pdf.

[54] Wade, R. 1996. “Japan, the World Bank, and the Art of Paradigm Maintenance: The East Asian Miracle in Political Perspective.” New Left Review I/217: 3–36.

[55] Williamson, J. 1993. “Democracy and the ‘Washington Consensus.’” World Development 21 (8): 1329–36.

[56] Wilson, D., and R. Purushothaman. 2003. “Dreaming with BRICs: The Path to 2050.” Global Economics Paper No. 99, Goldman Sachs Global Economics. http://www.goldmansachs.com/ourthinking/archive/brics-dream.html.

[57] World Bank. 1993. The East Asian Miracle: Economic Growth and Public Policy . Washington, DC: World Bank Policy Research Reports.

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