Business travels are a significant perpetuator for carbon emissions. With our exploratory study, we aimed to gain a better understanding of academic business travellers’ knowledge, planning strategies and mental models for sustainable travel. Analyses of the interviews and card sorting data showed that the travellers had insufficient knowledge or support for sustainable travel choices. The user experience of in-control, trust and security in the transport used was the salient factor for their choices. Our future work will focus on utilising persuasive models and interactive technologies for behaviour change to make sustainable travel choices
Aguiléra, A. (2013). Business travel and sustainability. In: Handbook of sustainable travel (pp. 215-227). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
Aguiléra, A., Guillot, C., & Rallet, A. (2012). Mobile ICTs and physical mobility: Review and research agenda. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 46(4), 664-672.
Anable, J. (2005). ‘Complacent car addicts’ or ‘aspiring environmentalists’? Identifying travel behaviour segments using attitude theory. Transport Policy, 12(1), 65-78.
Andersen, A., Karlsen, R., & Yu, W. (2018). Green transportation choices with IoT and smart nudging. Handbook of Smart Cities: Software Services and Cyber Infrastructure, 331-354.
Andrieu, C., & Saint Pierre, G. (2014). Evaluation of ecodriving performances and teaching method: Comparing training and simple advice. European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research, 14(3), 201-213.
Arboleda, F. J. M., Romero, J. E. P., & Szczęsna, A. (2022). A serious game for the responsible use of fossil fuel-powered vehicles. International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology, 69(1), 62-72.
Aronson, J. (1995). A pragmatic view of thematic analysis. The Qualitative Report, 2(1), 1-3.
Bamberg, S., & Schmidt, P. (2003). Incentives, morality, or habit? Predicting students’ car use for university routes with the models of Ajzen, Schwartz, and Triandis. Environment and Behavior, 35(2), 264-285.
Bertolini, L. (2005). Sustainable urban mobility, an evolutionary approach. European Spatial Research and Policy, 12(1), 109.
Black, R., & Crabtree, A. (Eds.). (2007). Quality assurance and certification in ecotourism. CABI.
Borowski, E., Chen, Y., & Mahmassani, H. (2020). Social media effects on sustainable mobility opinion diffusion: Model framework and implications for behavior change. Travel Behaviour and Society, 19, 170-183.
Boyatzis, R. E. (1998). Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development. SAGE.
Buckley, R. C. (2001). Major issues in tourism ecolabelling. In Tourism ecolabelling: Certification and promotion of sustainable management (pp. 19-26). Wallingford UK: CABI Publishing.
Caggiani, L., Camporeale, R., & Ottomanelli, M. (2017, June). A real time multi-objective cyclists route choice model for a bike-sharing mobile application. In 5th IEEE International Conference on Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems (MT-ITS) (pp. 645-650).
Centieiro, P., Romão, T., & Dias, A. E. (2011, November). A location-based multiplayer mobile game to encourage pro-environmental behaviours. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology (pp. 1-8).
Cerqueira, E. D. V., Motte-Baumvol, B., Chevallier, L. B., & Bonin, O. (2020). Does working from home reduce CO2 emissions? An analysis of travel patterns as dictated by workplaces. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 83, 102338.
Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) (2021), 2019 UK Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Final Figures. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/provisional-uk-greenhouse-gas-emissions-national-statistics-2019
EEA (European Environment Agency): Focusing on environmental pressures from long-distance transport. TERM 2014: transport indicators tracking progress towards environmental targets in Europe. EEA Report No 7/2014. EEA, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2014. ISBN: 978-92-9213-497-6.
Fogg, B. J. (2009). A behavior model for persuasive design. In Proceedings of the 4th international Conference on Persuasive Technology (pp. 1-7).
Fogg, B. J. (2019). Fogg behavior model. https://behaviormodel.org (accessed on 22/6/2023).
Font, X., & Buckley, R. (Eds.). (2001). Major issues in tourism ecolabellingIn: Tourism ecolabelling: Certification and promotion of sustainable management. Wallingford: CABI, 2001, 19–26
Foster, D., Lawson, S., Blythe, M., & Cairns, P. (2010, October). Wattsup? Motivating reductions in domestic energy consumption using social networks. In Proceedings of the 6th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Extending Boundaries (pp. 178-187).
Froehlich, J., Dillahunt, T., Klasnja, P., Mankoff, J., Consolvo, S., Harrison, B., & Landay, J. A. (2009). UbiGreen: investigating a mobile tool for tracking and supporting green transportation habits. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1043-1052).
Froehlich, J., Findlater, L., & Landay, J. (2010, April). The design of eco-feedback technology. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1999-2008).
Gabrielli, S., & Maimone, R. (2013). Are change strategies affecting users' transportation choices? In Proceedings of the Biannual Conference of the Italian Chapter of SIGCHI (pp. 1-4).
Giddens, A. (1986). The constitution of society: Outline of the theory of structuration (Vol. 349). University of California Press.
Harries, T., Eslambolchilar, P., Stride, C., Rettie, R., & Walton, S. (2013). Walking in the wild–Using an always-on smartphone application to increase physical activity. In Human-Computer Interaction–INTERACT 2013: 14th IFIP TC 13 International Conference, Proceedings, Part IV 14 (pp. 19-36). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Ingvorsen M. (2022). Business meetings and travel - from physical presence to virtual reality and maybe back again: A case study of business meetings in the metaverse platform Horizon Workrooms. Master’s Thesis. Aalborg University.
Kramers, A. (2014). Designing next generation multimodal traveler information systems to support sustainability-oriented decisions. Environmental Modelling & Software, 56, 83-93.
Kurz, T., Gardner, B., Verplanken, B., & Abraham, C. (2015). Habitual behaviors or patterns of practice? Explaining and changing repetitive climate-relevant actions. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 6(1), 113-128.
Lassen, C. (2006). Aeromobility and work. Environment and Planning A, 38(2), 301-312.
Lassen, C. (2010). Environmentalist in business class: An analysis of air travel and environmental attitude. Transport Reviews, 30(6), 733-751.
Lu, J. L., & Wang, C. Y. (2018). Investigating the impacts of air travellers’ environmental knowledge on attitudes toward carbon offsetting and willingness to mitigate the environmental impacts of aviation. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 59, 96-107.
O’Fallon, M. J., & Butterfield, K. D. (2012). A review of the empirical ethical decision-making literature: 1996–2003. Citation classics from the Journal of Business Ethics: Celebrating the first thirty years of publication, 213-263.
O'Garra, T., & Fouquet, R. (2022). Willingness to reduce travel consumption to support a low-carbon transition beyond COVID-19. Ecological Economics, 193, 107297.
Ouariachi, T., Li, C. Y., & Elving, W. J. (2020). Gamification approaches for education and engagement on pro-environmental behaviors: Searching for best practices. Sustainability, 12(11), 4565.
Page, S. J., & Connell, J. (2020). Tourism: A modern synthesis. Routledge.
Payne, S. J. (2007). Mental models in human-computer interaction. The Human-Computer Interaction Handbook, 89-102.
Polese, F., Botti, A., Grimaldi, M., Monda, A., & Vesci, M. (2018). Social innovation in smart tourism ecosystems: How technology and institutions shape sustainable value co-creation. Sustainability, 10(1), 140.
Reckwitz, A. (2002). Toward a theory of social practices: A development in culturalist theorizing. European Journal of Social Theory, 5(2), 243-263.
Santos, G., & Nikolaev, N. (2021). Mobility as a service and public transport: a rapid literature review and the case of Moovit. Sustainability, 13(7), 3666.
Schade, J., & Schlag, B. (2003). Acceptability of urban transport pricing strategies. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 6(1), 45-61.
Sherwin, K. (2018) Card sorting: Uncover users’ mental models for better information architecture. https://www.nngroup.com/articles/card-sorting-definition/
Steg, L., & Vlek, C. (1997). The role of problem awareness in willingness-to-change car use and in evaluating relevant policy measures. Traffic and transport psychology. Theory and application.
Stephen, W. (2009). Tourism Geography: A New Synthesis. Taylor & Francis.
Stephens, M. (2014). Sustainable behavior change at Kansas State University: applying the Fogg Behavior Model as a community-based social marketing approach among faculty and staff. Master’s thesis. Kansas State University. https://krex.k-state.edu/handle/2097/17558
Storper, M., & Venables, A. J. (2004). Buzz: face-to-face contact and the urban economy. Journal of economic geography, 4(4), 351-370.
Troiano, G. M., Schouten, D., Cassidy, M., Tucker-Raymond, E., Puttick, G., & Harteveld, C. (2020). Ice paddles, CO2 invaders, and exploding planets: how young students transform climate science into serious games. In Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play (CHI PLAY) (pp. 534-548).
Valkanova, N., Jorda, S., Tomitsch, M., & Vande Moere, A. (2013). Reveal-it! the impact of a social visualization projection on public awareness and discourse. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 3461-3470).
Walsh, P. R., Dodds, R., Priskin, J., Day, J., & Belozerova, O. (2021). The corporate responsibility paradox: A multi-national investigation of business traveller attitudes and their sustainable travel behaviour. Sustainability, 13(8), 4343.
Zandalinas, S. I., Fritschi, F. B., & Mittler, R. (2021). Global warming, climate change, and environmental pollution: recipe for a multifactorial stress combination disaster. Trends in Plant Science, 26(6), 588-599.