Investigation of Train Driver Physiological Responses

Train Driver workload is an under-researched area. Operator workload has been extensively studied in the automotive, aeronautical and other domains using performance, subjective and physiological measures. In this exploratory study, we combine subjective self-report measures with a task-based measure of workload and physiological measures. Heart Rate and Galvanic Skin Response are collected from train drivers over the course of their journey. These signals are analysed with respect to subjective and task-based measures of workload, but no reliable correlations were found between the physiological and other workload measures. However, the results show that peaks in both the Heart Rate and GSR data are associated with particular locations or events and changes in GSR data reflect anticipatory events and are inline with subjective driver commentary. This suggests that further research on physiological measures for train drivers is warranted

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Katie Crowley

Nora Balfe

Conference

Publication date: July 2018

Publication date (Print): July 2018

Pages: 1-9

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[0001]Trinity College Dublin College Green, Dublin 2

Article

DOI: 10.14236/ewic/HCI2018.5

SO-VID: e2eaafa7-998e-4dfb-ac61-238c228aa020

Copyright statement: © Crowley et al. Published by BCS Learning and Development Ltd. Proceedings of British HCI 2018. Belfast, UK.

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Conference name: Proceedings of the 32nd International BCS Human Computer Interaction Conference

Conference acronym: HCI

Conference number: 32

Conference location: Belfast, UK

Conference date: 4 - 6 July 2018

Conference sponsor: Electronic Workshops in Computing (eWiC)

Conference theme: Human Computer Interaction Conference

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Product Information: 1477-9358BCS Learning & Development

Self URI (article page): https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.14236/ewic/HCI2018.5

Self URI (journal page): https://ewic.bcs.org/

REFERENCES

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A. Naweed 2014 Investigations into the skills of modern and traditional train driving Applied Ergonomics 45 462 470
A. NaweedS. Rainbird 2015 Recovering time or chasing rainbows? Exploring time perception, conceptualization of time recovery, and time pressure mitigation in train driving IIE Transactions on Occupational Ergonomics and Human Factors, 0 1 14
A. NaweedS. RainbirdJ. Chapman 2015 Investigating the formal countermeasures and informal strategies used to mitigate SPAD risk in train driving Ergonomics 58 6 883 896
A. NaghiyevS. SharplesM. CareyA. CoplestoneB. Ryan 2014 ERTMS train driving in-cab vs. outside: An explorative eye-tracking field study In Contemporary Ergonomics and Human Factors 2014: Proceedings of the international conference on Ergonomics & Human Factors 2014 Southampton, UK 7-10 April 2014 343 CRC Press
T. LukeN. Brook-CarterA. M. ParkesE. GrimesA. Mills 2006 An investigation of train driver visual strategies Cognition, Technology & Work 8 1 15 29
L. PickupJ.R. WilsonS. SharplesB. NorrisT. ClarkeM.S. Young 2005 Fundamental examination of mental workload in the rail industry Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 6 6 463 482
R. F. G. Broekhoven 2016 Comparison of real-time relative workload measurements in rail signallers (Master’s thesis, University of Twente)
N. BalfeK. CrowleyB. SmithL. Longo 2017 Estimation of Train Driver Workload: Extracting Taskload Measures from On-Train-Data-Recorders In International Symposium on Human Mental Workload: Models and Applications 106 119 Springer, Cham
A. NaghiyevS. SharplesB. RyanA. CoplestoneM. Carey 2016 Real workload verbal protocol data analysis of European Rail Traffic Management System train driving and conventional train driving In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Rail Transportation (ICIRT) 191 196 IEEE
P. A. HancockG. WulfD. ThomP. Fassnacht 1990 Driver workload during differing driving maneuvers Accident Analysis & Prevention 22 3 281 290
W. B. VerweyH. A. Veltman 1996 Detecting short periods of elevated workload: A comparison of nine workload assessment techniques Journal of experimental psychology: Applied 2 3 270
A. Rault 1976 Pilot workload analysis In Monitoring Behavior and Supervisory Control 139 155 Springer Boston, MA
A. Rault 1979 Measurement of pilot workload In Mental Workload 417 422 Springer Boston, MA
S. G. HartL. E. Staveland 1988 Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of empirical and theoretical research Advances in Psychology 52 139 183 Retrieved from http://humanfactors.arc.nasa.gov/groups/TLX/downloads/NASA-TLXChapter.pdf
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J. A. HealeyR. W. Picard 2005 Detecting stress during real-world driving tasks using physiological sensors IEEE Transactions on intelligent transportation systems 6 2 156 166
E. T. SoloveyM. ZecE. A. Garcia PerezB. ReimerB. Mehler 2014 Classifying driver workload using physiological and driving performance data: two field studies In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 4057 4066 ACM
K. A. BrookhuisD. de Waard 2010 Monitoring drivers‟ mental workload in driving simulators using physiological measures Accident Analysis & Prevention 42 3 898 903
A. H. Roscoe 1992 Assessing pilot workload. Why measure heart rate, HRV and respiration? Biological psychology 34 2-3 259 287
G. F. WilsonB. PurvisJ. SkellyP. FullenkampI. Davis 1987 Physiological data used to measure pilot workload in actual flight and simulator conditions In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 31 7 779 783 Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications
J. A. VeltmanA. W. K. Gaillard 1998 Physiological workload reactions to increasing levels of task difficulty Ergonomics 41 5 656 669
T. C. HankinsG. F. Wilson 1998 A comparison of heart rate, eye activity, EEG and subjective measures of pilot mental workload during flight Aviation, space, and environmental medicine 69 4 360 367
J. A. VeltmanA. W. K. Gaillard 1996 Physiological indices of workload in a simulated flight task Biological psychology 42 3 323 342
G. F. Wilson 2002 An analysis of mental workload in pilots during flight using multiple psychophysiological measures The International Journal of Aviation Psychology 12 1 3 18
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C. W. Darrow 1964 The rationale for treating the change in galvanic skin response as a change in conductance Psychophysiology 1 1 31 38
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R. M. YerkesJ.D. Dodson 1908 The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit-formation J of Comparative Neurology and Psychology 18
M.A. JustT.A. KellerJ. Cynkar 2008 A decrease in brain activation associated with driving when listening to someone speak Brain research 1205 70 80
N. StantonM. Young 1998 Vehicle automation and driving performance. Ergonomics 41 7 1014 1028
D. GopherE. Donchin 1986 Workload: An examination of the concept K.R. BoofL. KaufmanJ.P. Thomas, eds. Handbook of Perception and Human Performance 41-1 41-49
B. 19. Mehler 2009 Impact of Incremental Increases in Cognitive Workload on Physiological Arousal and Performance in Young Adult Drivers. Transportation Research 2138 12 6 12
J. KettunenN. RavajaP. NäätänenP. KeskivaaraL. Keltikangas-Järvinen 1998 The synchronization of electrodermal activity and heart rate and its relationship to energetic arousal: A time series approach Biological Psychology 48 3 209 225
A. DrachenL. E. NackeG. YannakakisA. L. Pedersen 2010 Correlation between heart rate, electrodermal activity and player experience in first-person shooter games In Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Video Games 49 54 ACM
M. E. DawsonA. M. SchellC. G. Courtney 2011 The skin conductance response, anticipation, and decision-making Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics 4 2 111

Comments

Comment on this article

[1] P. Branton 1979 Investigation into the skills of train driving Ergonomics 22 2 155 164

[2] A. Naweed 2014 Investigations into the skills of modern and traditional train driving Applied Ergonomics 45 462 470

[3] A. NaweedS. Rainbird 2015 Recovering time or chasing rainbows? Exploring time perception, conceptualization of time recovery, and time pressure mitigation in train driving IIE Transactions on Occupational Ergonomics and Human Factors, 0 1 14

[4] A. NaweedS. RainbirdJ. Chapman 2015 Investigating the formal countermeasures and informal strategies used to mitigate SPAD risk in train driving Ergonomics 58 6 883 896

[5] A. NaghiyevS. SharplesM. CareyA. CoplestoneB. Ryan 2014 ERTMS train driving in-cab vs. outside: An explorative eye-tracking field study In Contemporary Ergonomics and Human Factors 2014: Proceedings of the international conference on Ergonomics & Human Factors 2014 Southampton, UK 7-10 April 2014 343 CRC Press

[6] T. LukeN. Brook-CarterA. M. ParkesE. GrimesA. Mills 2006 An investigation of train driver visual strategies Cognition, Technology & Work 8 1 15 29

[7] L. PickupJ.R. WilsonS. SharplesB. NorrisT. ClarkeM.S. Young 2005 Fundamental examination of mental workload in the rail industry Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 6 6 463 482

[8] R. F. G. Broekhoven 2016 Comparison of real-time relative workload measurements in rail signallers (Master’s thesis, University of Twente)

[9] N. BalfeK. CrowleyB. SmithL. Longo 2017 Estimation of Train Driver Workload: Extracting Taskload Measures from On-Train-Data-Recorders In International Symposium on Human Mental Workload: Models and Applications 106 119 Springer, Cham

[10] A. NaghiyevS. SharplesB. RyanA. CoplestoneM. Carey 2016 Real workload verbal protocol data analysis of European Rail Traffic Management System train driving and conventional train driving In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Rail Transportation (ICIRT) 191 196 IEEE

[11] P. A. HancockG. WulfD. ThomP. Fassnacht 1990 Driver workload during differing driving maneuvers Accident Analysis & Prevention 22 3 281 290

[12] W. B. VerweyH. A. Veltman 1996 Detecting short periods of elevated workload: A comparison of nine workload assessment techniques Journal of experimental psychology: Applied 2 3 270

[13] A. Rault 1976 Pilot workload analysis In Monitoring Behavior and Supervisory Control 139 155 Springer Boston, MA

[14] A. Rault 1979 Measurement of pilot workload In Mental Workload 417 422 Springer Boston, MA

[15] S. G. HartL. E. Staveland 1988 Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of empirical and theoretical research Advances in Psychology 52 139 183 Retrieved from http://humanfactors.arc.nasa.gov/groups/TLX/downloads/NASA-TLXChapter.pdf

[16] M. S. YoungK. Brookhuis a, C. D. WickensP.A. Hancock 2015 State of science: mental workload in ergonomics Ergonomics 58 1 1 17 doi:10.1080/00140139.2014.956151

[17] J. A. HealeyR. W. Picard 2005 Detecting stress during real-world driving tasks using physiological sensors IEEE Transactions on intelligent transportation systems 6 2 156 166

[18] E. T. SoloveyM. ZecE. A. Garcia PerezB. ReimerB. Mehler 2014 Classifying driver workload using physiological and driving performance data: two field studies In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 4057 4066 ACM

[19] K. A. BrookhuisD. de Waard 2010 Monitoring drivers‟ mental workload in driving simulators using physiological measures Accident Analysis & Prevention 42 3 898 903

[20] A. H. Roscoe 1992 Assessing pilot workload. Why measure heart rate, HRV and respiration? Biological psychology 34 2-3 259 287

[21] G. F. WilsonB. PurvisJ. SkellyP. FullenkampI. Davis 1987 Physiological data used to measure pilot workload in actual flight and simulator conditions In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 31 7 779 783 Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications

[22] J. A. VeltmanA. W. K. Gaillard 1998 Physiological workload reactions to increasing levels of task difficulty Ergonomics 41 5 656 669

[23] T. C. HankinsG. F. Wilson 1998 A comparison of heart rate, eye activity, EEG and subjective measures of pilot mental workload during flight Aviation, space, and environmental medicine 69 4 360 367

[24] J. A. VeltmanA. W. K. Gaillard 1996 Physiological indices of workload in a simulated flight task Biological psychology 42 3 323 342

[25] G. F. Wilson 2002 An analysis of mental workload in pilots during flight using multiple psychophysiological measures The International Journal of Aviation Psychology 12 1 3 18

[26] M. A. BonnerG. F. Wilson 2002 Heart rate measures of flight test and evaluation The International journal of aviation psychology 12 1 63 77

[27] C. W. Darrow 1964 The rationale for treating the change in galvanic skin response as a change in conductance Psychophysiology 1 1 31 38

[28] H. G. Van SteenisJ. H. M. Tulen 1997 The effects of physical activities on cardiovascular variability in ambulatory situations [ECG/accelerometry analysis] In Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 1997. Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Conference of the IEEE 1 105 108 IEEE

[29] F. T. SunC. KuoH. T. ChengS. ButhpitiyaP. CollinsM. Griss 2010 Activity-aware mental stress detection using physiological sensors In International Conference on Mobile Computing, Applications, and Services 282 301 Springer Berlin, Heidelberg

[30] J.A. Michon 1985 A Critical View of Driver Behavior Models: What Do We Know, What Should We Do? Human behavior and traffic safety 485 520

[31] J. EngströmE. JohanssonJ. Östlund 2005 Effects of visual and cognitive load in real and simulated motorway driving. Transportation Research F 2 97 120

[32] R. M. YerkesJ.D. Dodson 1908 The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit-formation J of Comparative Neurology and Psychology 18

[33] M.A. JustT.A. KellerJ. Cynkar 2008 A decrease in brain activation associated with driving when listening to someone speak Brain research 1205 70 80

[34] N. StantonM. Young 1998 Vehicle automation and driving performance. Ergonomics 41 7 1014 1028

[35] D. GopherE. Donchin 1986 Workload: An examination of the concept K.R. BoofL. KaufmanJ.P. Thomas, eds. Handbook of Perception and Human Performance 41-1 41-49

[36] B. 19. Mehler 2009 Impact of Incremental Increases in Cognitive Workload on Physiological Arousal and Performance in Young Adult Drivers. Transportation Research 2138 12 6 12

[37] J. KettunenN. RavajaP. NäätänenP. KeskivaaraL. Keltikangas-Järvinen 1998 The synchronization of electrodermal activity and heart rate and its relationship to energetic arousal: A time series approach Biological Psychology 48 3 209 225

[38] A. DrachenL. E. NackeG. YannakakisA. L. Pedersen 2010 Correlation between heart rate, electrodermal activity and player experience in first-person shooter games In Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Video Games 49 54 ACM

[39] M. E. DawsonA. M. SchellC. G. Courtney 2011 The skin conductance response, anticipation, and decision-making Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics 4 2 111