Preface
The British Human Computer Interaction (HCI) Conference 2021 is the annual flagship event of the BCS Interaction Specialist Group. On its 34th edition the conference unfolds against the backdrop of the Covid-19 pandemic. The 2020 edition was suddenly disrupted by this and partially cancelled, with only the Doctoral Consortium going ahead. On this year, we decided to press on and run the conference fully online. These proceedings contain the full papers and position (short) papers presented at the conference on 20th and 21st of July. Pre-conference events including workshops and doctoral consortium took place on the 19th of July. The papers presented on this day are documented in a separate proceedings volume also edited in the eWics series.
The conference was planned only in 6 months and counted with the participation of 120 attendees from 30 different countries from all continents. The programme unfolded over 3 days including 5 workshops, 1 doctoral consortium, 2 keynotes, 8 paper sessions including 20 full papers (37% acceptance rate) and 17 position (short) papers.
Over more than three decades the British HCI Conference has showcased research from the British and global HCI communities. The first one was held in 1985, and together with CHI (1982) and IFIP Interact (1984), is one of the oldest HCI conferences in the world. The conference has happened every year except in 1990, 1999 (as Interact took place in the UK) and 2019 (because of CHI Glasgow). The early conferences helped launch the careers of HCI researchers, educators and professionals who went on to become influential in this field. For instance, PhD students and early career researchers participating in the 1985 edition included Alan Dix, the late Mike Wilson, David Frohlich, Jared Siddiqi, Gilbert Cockton, Phil Gray, and Alan MacLean. Great general chairs over its many editions included Peter Johnson, Harold Thimbleby, Michael Harrison, Alastair Sutcliffe, Angela Sasse, Janet Finlay, Alistair Kilgour, Phil Gray and Gilbert Cockton, among several others.
In its first 2 decades the British HCI Conference was the largest annual European HCI conference. This was later undermined by the star definitions of the British Research Excellence Framework awarding lower rankings to so called “national” conferences. The growth of other local HCI communities in several countries also contributed to a subsequent fall in participation. Having said that, the British HCI Conference has now been expanding over the last few years despite the 2019 hiatus and the Covid-19 pandemic. This is evidenced in the diversity of the participants and quality of the papers presented in the 2021 edition.
The general theme of the conference is “Post-pandemic HCI – Living Digitally” highlighting current and future efforts for digital innovations in sociotechnical systems and related challenges and opportunities. The theme invites to think beyond the current pandemic and be hopeful. ‘Living digitally’ calls for interpreting and imagining how human-computer interactions and collaborations in all areas of human life may be shaped by the pandemics. Both conference keynotes addressed this theme from different perspectives:
Professor Anna Cox from the Interaction Centre in University College London speaks about how over the last decade, a small but steadily increasing group of people have worked remotely from their homes. With the arrival of the coronavirus pandemic, millions of people found themselves joining this group overnight. Is a substantial proportion of the workforce working from home the new future of work? In her talk, she examines the kinds of work that became remote work in response to the pandemic, outlines the challenges and experiences of workers making this switch, and presents a case for a renewed focus in HCI research on ‘traditional’ workplaces and working practices in the post-pandemic world to develop inclusive ideas about ‘the new future of work.
With an industrial perspective, Dean Barker, vice-president of User Experience at United Health Group in the US, discusses in his keynote how not only our work and educational lives moved online in response to the current pandemic, but also our social lives. He argues how a post-pandemic reality will force us into being more fully digital and put us at risk of not being fully human. However, lessons learned from the pandemic can be carried forward. We can create a fully digital yet still fully human world by building empathy across boundaries. The theories, models, and frameworks of our discipline can be used to build organizational and societal empathy by creating communities, improving communication, and fostering inclusion. He concludes how this, in turn, can accelerate and transform digital experiences to become more useful, usable, and accessible if we can lead the way.
The full and position papers in this volume are largely underpinned by this theme while covering varied topics concerning virtual and augmented reality, design methods, HCI perspectives on IT security, value-based HCI, HCI for healthcare, education and socio-technical HCI. Paper authors include national and international researchers inside and outside academia, PhD students, industry professionals established scholars, and senior researchers, who value HCI as an interdisciplinary field.
This publication has resulted from a selective peer review process with each paper being reviewed by at least 3 members of the international programme committee. This process led to a top-quality programme with clear contributions to the HCI field. Authors of the best full papers have been invited to develop their submissions and publish them in a Special Issue of the Journal Interacting with Computers, which is the flagship publication of the BCS Interaction Specialist Group.
On behalf of the organising committee, we sincerely hope you enjoy these papers as much as we did in selecting and curating them for these proceedings. The British HCI Conference 2022 will return to Keele University with its traditional face to face format while also retaining online access. In 2023 and the conference will be co-located with IFIP Interact at the University of York. Clearly the future augurs well for the increased success and prominence of the conference across British and international HCI communities.
Jose Abdelnour Nocera
Helen Petrie
Gavin Sim
Torkil Clemmensen
Fotios Spyridonis
Acknowledgements
The British HCI 2021 conference gratefully acknowledges:
BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT for supporting historically supporting this and previous conferences over the years.
The BCS Interaction Specialist Group for being the backbone to this conference series and the British HCI community over three decades.
The BCS Sociotechnical Specialist Group for supporting this event and promoting it amongst its members, networks and the wider sociotechnical community in the UK and overseas.
The Sociotechnical Research Group for Innovation and User Experience at The University of West London for providing its human and technical resources to host this conference successfully
The European Society for Socially Embedded Technologies (EUSSET) for promoting the conference amongst its members, networks and the wider EUSSET community.
Our International Programme Committee who helped us select and bring quality submissions to this conference.
The staff at the University of West London Events and Finance teams for help with administrative and IT support.
Thanks to all the contributors for making the British HCI Conference series a continuing success.
Committee
General Chairs: Jose Abdelnour Nocera (University of West London and ITI/Larsys), Helen Petrie (University of York), Gavin Sim (University of Central Lancashire)
Technical Program Chairs: Torkil Clemmensen (Copenhagen Business School) and Fotios Spyridonis (University of Greenwich)
Full Paper Chairs: Effie Law (University of Leicester) and Julio Abascal (University of the Basque Country)
Position Paper Chairs: Elahe Kani (University of West London) and Arthi Manohar (Brunel University)
Doctoral Consortium Chairs: Anirudha Joshi (IIT Bombay), Matthias Laschke (University of Siegen) and Alan Dix (Swansea University)
Workshop Chairs: John Moore (The National Archives), Frederica Gonçalves (ITI/ Larsys), and Annika Wolff (Lappeenranta University of Technology)
Industry Chairs: Christina Li (Infinity Interactive) and Elisa del Galdo (Hidalgo UX)
Social Media and Publicity Chair: Daniel G. Cabrero (Personas Technology LTD)
Student Volunteer Chairs: Parisa Saadati and Nurha Yingta (University of West London)
Programme Committee
Julio Abascal University of the Basque Country
José Abdelnour Nocera University of West London
Ifeoma Adaji University of Saskatchewan
Raian Ali Hamad Bin Khalifa University
Dena Althani Hamad Bin Khalifa University
Ikram Asghar University of South Wales
Toseef Aslam University of Lahore
Engie Bachir Middlesex University
Nevena Balezdrova Brunel University
Ralph Barthel University of Greenwich
Russel Beale University of Birmingham
Pradipta Biswas Indian Institute of Science
Michaela Black Ulster University
Judy Bowen University of Waikato
Kyle Boyd Ulster University
Hubert Cecotti Fresno State
Jiahong Chen University of Sheffield
Kathy Clawson University of Sunderland
Torkil Clemmensen Copenhagen Business School
Gilbert Cockton University of Sunderland and Northumbria University
Federico Colecchia Brunel University
Anton Dahbura Johns Hopkins University
Ed de Quincey School of Computing and Mathematics, Keele University
Alan Dix Computational Foundry, Swansea University
Huseyin Dogan Bournemouth University
Hua Dong Brunel University
Felix Engel University Hagen
Gorka Epelde VICOMTech – Visual Interaction and Communication Technologies Center
Richard Evans Brunel University
Shamal Faily Bournemouth University
Ip-Shing Fan Cranfield University
Ali Farooq University of Turku
Katherine Fennedy Singapore University of Technology and Design
Tom Flint Edinburgh Napier University
Vanja Garaj Brunel University
Tomás García Ferrari University of Waikato
Carina González Universidad de La Laguna
Ana Gil González Universidad de Salamanca
Frederica Gonçalves ITI/LARSyS, Universidade da Madeira
Marisela Gutierrez Lopez University of Bristol
Lynne Hall University of Sunderland
Matthias Heintz University of Leicester
Robert Hendley University of Birmingham
Abraham Hidalga Cardiff University
Juan Higuera Universitat Politècnica de València
Anirudha Joshi IIT Bombay
Elahe Kani Zabihi University of West London
Mike Kann Brunel University
Genovefa Kefalidou University of Leicester
Jyoti Kumar Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi
Matthias Laschke University of Siegen
Effie Lai-Chong Law University of Leicester
Nguyenthinh Le Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Hyowon Lee Dublin City University
Christina Li Infinity Interactive
Jo Lumsden Aston University
Víctor López-Jaquero University of Castilla-La Mancha
José Antonio Macías Iglesias Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Arthi Manohar Brunel University
Cristina Manresa University of Balearic Islands
John Mills UCLan
Nicole Mitsche University of Sunderland
Caroline Moeckel London South Bank University
Arthur Money Brunel University
John Moore The National Archives
Maurice Mulvenna Ulster University
Samuel Navasmedrano Institute for Geoinformatics (ifgi), University of Münster
Robin Neuhaus University of Siegen
Ronan O’Dea The Centre for Creative Informatics, Limerick Institute of Technology.
David Oswald Schwäbisch Gmünd School of Design
Ignacio Panach-Navarrete Universitat de València
Mark Perry Brunel University
Helen Petrie University of York
Dorina Rajanen University of Oulu, Department of Information Processing Science
Debbie Rankin Ulster University
Bryan Scotney University of Ulster
Katie Seaborn Tokyo Institute of Technology
Gavin Sim University of Central Lancashire
Ashok Sivaji MIMOS Berhad
Kirsten Smith University of Southampton
Emilia Sobolewska Edinburgh Napier University
Dora Souza Dias Brunel University
Fotios Spyridonis University of Greenwich
Andrea Taylor Glasgow School of Art
Gülşen Töreyargın Middle East Technical University
Nicholas Vanderschantz University of Waikato
Wad Ghaban University of Birmingham
Jonathan Weinel University of Greenwich
Michael Wilson Netwell CASALA, Dundalk Institute of Technology
Annika Wolff Lappeenranta University of Technology
Papers:
Paper session 1: VR/AR/XR.
Somnath Arjun, G S Rajshekar Reddy, Abhishek Mukhopadhyay, Sanjana Vinod and Pradipta Biswas Evaluating Visual Variables in a Virtual Reality Environment http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.1
Misbahu Zubair What do mobile AR game players complain about?: A qualitative analysis of mobile AR game reviews http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.2
Hildegardo Noronha and Pedro Campos The Impact of Virtual Reality Nature Environments on Calmness, Arousal and Energy: a Multi-Method Study http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.3
Victoria Wright and Genovefa Kefalidou Can you hear the Colour? Towards a Synaesthetic and Multimodal Design Approach in Virtual Worlds http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.4
Paper session 2: Design methods 1.
Dorina Rajanen, Atte Tornberg and Mikko Rajanen Heuristics for Course Workspace Design and Evaluation http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.5
Madeleine Steeds and Sarah Clinch A Design Space for Memory Augmentation Technologies http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.6
James Mitchell, Ed de Quincey, Charles Pantin and Naveed Mustfa 15 Usability Heuristics for Delivering Clinical Guidelines on Mobile Devices http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.7
Hildegardo Noronha and Pedro Campos How much Sample Rate is actually needed? Arm Tracking in Virtual Reality http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.8
Sameer Kharel, Mikael Fernström and Bal Krishna Bal Omnichannel Heuristics for E-commerce http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.9
Paper session 3: HCI perspectives on IT security.
Paul Boyle and Lynsay Shepherd MailTrout: A Machine Learning Browser Extension for Detecting Phishing Emails http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.10
Fiona Carroll and Bastian Bonkel Designing for affective warnings – cautions to protect against online misinformation threats http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.11
Stephen Ambore, Huseyin Dogan and Edward Apeh Development of Usable Security Heuristics for Fintech http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.12
Danielle Potts, Kate MacFarlane and Lynne Hall Support Rather Than Assault – Cooperative Agents In Minecraft http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.13
Ikram Asghar, Oche A Egaji, Luke Dando, Mark G Griffiths and Phil Jenkins Virtual Training Environment for Gas Operatives: System Usability and Sense of Presence Evaluation http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.14
Paper session 4: Value-based HCI. Session chair: Parisa Saadati
Joy Goodman-Deane, Jakob Kluge, Elisabet Roca Bosch, Nina Nesterova, Mike Bradley and P. John Clarkson Digital mobility services: A population perspective http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.15
Louis Goffe, Shruthi Sai Chivukula, Alex Bowyer, Simon Bowen, Austin L. Toombs and Colin M. Gray Appetite for Disruption: Designing Human-Centred Augmentations to an Online Food Ordering Platform http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.16
Lynne Hall, Appropriate Value-based ICTs in support of Frontline Peacekeepers http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.17
Paper session 5: HCI for healthcare. Session chair: Anirudha Joshi
Christel De Maeyer and Panos Markopoulos Future outlook on the materialization, expectations and implementation of Digital Twins in healthcare http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.18
Nowman Islam, Aamir Anwar and Ikram Ur Rehman A proposed framework for developing User-Centred Mobile Healthcare Applications for the biggest annual mass gathering (Hajj) Post COVID-19 http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.19
Amina Yaqub, Michael McCluskey, Edward Chadwick and Fraser Philp Developing a clinical decision support system for paediatric shoulder instability http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.20
Andrea Taylor, Hugh Pizey, Craig Whittet, David Hammond and Stephen Milne Analogue to Digital Telecare: Findings and Themes from a User-Centred Study to Help People Live in the Community Safely http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.21
Nurha Yingta, Jose Abdelnour Nocera, Ikram Ur Rehman and Obed Brew Systematic Review of Usefulness Design Goals of Occupational mHealth Apps for Healthcare Workers http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.22
Georgios Sfakakis and Emilia Sobolewska “I would call them, it seems faster”. The state of Telemedicine in Scotland http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.23
Paper session 6: Design methods 2. Session chair: Alan Dix
Matin Mahboob Kanafi, Marianne Kinnula and Netta Iivari Re-defining Characteristics of a Design Protagonist – Elements of Children’s Design Capital http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.24
Parisa Saadati, José Abdelnour Nocera and Torkil Clemmensen Persona’s Dilemma between Academics and practitioners – Guidelines for idea management workshops for Co-designing Future Technologies http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.25
Ed de Quincey and James Mitchell Using Card Sorting to Design Faceted Navigation Structures http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.26
Reem S. Al-Mansoori, Mohammad Naiseh, Dena Al-Thani and Raian Ali Digital Wellbeing for all: expanding inclusivity to embrace diversity in socio-emotional status http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.27
Kevin Rigotti, Peggy Gregory and Daniel Fitton Design Discovery Practices: Engaging professional design communities with Ketso http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.28
Paper session 7: Education. Session chair: Ed de Quincey
Philipp Schaper, Melissa Donnermann, Nicole Doser, Martina Lein, Anna Riedmann, Sophia Steinhaeusser, Panagiotis Karageorgos, Bettina Müller, Tobias Richter and Birgit Lugrin Towards a digital syllable-based reading intervention: An interview study with second graders http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.29
M A Hannan Bin Azhar, Tasmina Islam and Emily Louise Lepore Post-Pandemic Digital Education: Investigating Smart Workspaces within the Higher Education Sector http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.30
Wad Ghaban The Impact of Ramadan on Online Learners Behaviour: What Can We Learn from Tracking Learners’ Data? http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.31
Pamela Andrade and Effie Law Can Educational Software Support Learning in the Global North and South Equally? A Comparison Case Study http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.32
Luc van der Zandt, Esther van der Stappen and Koen van Turnhout Towards Real-Life Adoption of Conversational Interfaces: Exploring the Challenges in Designing Chatbots That Live up to User Expectations http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.33
Paper session 8: Socio-Technical HCI. Session chair: Gavin Sim
Junko Ichino, Yoshiko Yagi and Teru Ozawa Vibe or Light? Someone or All?: Effects of Feedback Modality and Who Receives Feedback on Meeting Support http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.34
Emilia Sobolewska, Nicholas Vanderschantz and Francesca Bitcon “He’s adorable and I want to take him home”. Trust Perceptions Before and After First-Time Encounters with Social Robots. http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.35
Jie Cai, Sarah J Ryu, Donghee Yvette Wohn and Hyejin Hannah Kum-Biocca Teleworker’s Perception of Technology Use for Collaborative and Social During the COVID-19 Pandemic. http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.36
Parisa Saadati, José Abdelnour Nocera and Elena Pricope User Engagement and Collaboration in the Next Generation Academic Libraries http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2021.37