Coded Feminisms in Indonesia

Citizen labs often take in the role of promoting equality and tech literacy in their community. These two aims are entangled when it comes to enabling free speech online and offline. The methods of Indonesian citizen labs were shaped by decades of state propaganda and extended colonialism. These citizen labs also have deep roots in Indonesia's history, which informs the way critical media practises are cultivated. Sharing tech skills, offering formats for critical thinking and creativity was performed with a specific form of care, one that protects participants through encoding. In this paper we want to focus on three generations of Indonesian pioneers, who set up feminist citizen labs struggling against hegemonic forces. In particular we are investigating the roots of feminist citizen labs in the grassroot organization Gerwani. In the scope of our arts-based research project interviews with survivors of this destroyed women movement and interviews with initiators and members of current collectives were translated into an animated documentary.

Content

Author and article information

Contributors

Stefanie Wuschitz

Astrid Reza

Conference

Publication date: September 2021

Publication date (Print): September 2021

Pages: 235-246

Affiliations

[0001]Technische Universität Berlin /

Academy of Fine Arts Vienna

Vienna, Austria

[0002]Space for Women Archive and History

Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Article

DOI: 10.14236/ewic/POM2021.31

SO-VID: b1339785-5b37-4dc8-a014-5951ea9ddee8

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Conference name: Proceedings of Politics of the Machines - Rogue Research 2021

Conference acronym: POM 2021

Conference number: 3

Conference location: Berlin, Germany

Conference date: September 14-17, 2021

Conference sponsor: Electronic Workshops in Computing (eWiC)

Conference theme: debate and devise concepts and practices that seek to critically question and unravel novel modes of science

History

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1477-9358 BCS Learning & Development

Self URI (article page): https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.14236/ewic/POM2021.31

Self URI (journal page): https://ewic.bcs.org/

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Comments

Comment on this article

[1] Api Kartini Magazines (1959-1961), periodicals published by Gerwani. Jakarta: Jajasan Melati.

[2] G Arivia, N. I Subono. (2017) A hundred Years of Feminism in Indonesia. An Analysis of Actors, Debates and Strategies. Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Jakarta: fes, Country study.

[3] D Asmarani 2018. Fighting the colony: Women activism beyond suffrage: http://connect.fes.de/news-detail/fighting-the-colony-women-activism-beyond-suffrage (Retrieved January 2022).

[4] Ars Electronica (2022) SOYA C(O)U(L)TURE – Useful Things arise out of Waste. http://ars.electronica.art/aeblog/en/2015/09/30/soya-coulture/ (Retrieved January 2022).

[5] S Avle, S Lindtner (2018) Responsible IoT after techno-solutionism. Retrieved from http://medium.com/the-state-of-responsible-iot-2018/responsible-iot-after-techno-solutionism- cf583e5f9b9a (Retrieved January 2022).

[6] A Baun (2018) Aleta Baun protects livelihoods by fighting encroachment into Timor forests, http://news.globallandscapesforum.org/viewpoint/aleta-baun-protects-livelihoods-fighting-encroachment-timor-forests/) (Retrieved January 2022).

[7] C Bianpoen (2019) Indonesian Women Artists: Surging in Art, Science and Technology. In: CoBo Social, January 2019, http://www.cobosocial.com/dossiers/indonesian-women-artist-art-science-and-technology/ (Retrieved January 2022).

[8] Braidotti R. (2018) Decentering the Researcher in Intimate Scholarship (Advances in Research on Teaching, Vol. 31), Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. 179–188. http://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-368720180000031014.

[9] R Braidotti (2018) Affirmative Ethics, Posthuman Subjectivity, and Intimate Scholarship: a Conversation with Rosi Braidotti. Decentering the Researcher in Intimate Scholarship (Advances in Research on Teaching, Vol. 31), Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. 179–188.

[10] N Chomsky (1998) Indonesia, Master Card in Washington’s Hand. Indonesia, 66, 1–5. http://doi.org/10.2307/3351445.

[11] Data & Society (2022) Mark Latonero, http://datasociety.net/ (Retrieved January 2022).

[12] Freeport-McMoRan (2022) Indonesia. Official company website. http://www.fcx.com/operations/indonesia (Retrieved January 2022)

[13] C Geertz (1962) The Religion of Java. In: The Journal of Asian Studies, May 1962, Vol. 21, No. 3 (May 1962), pp. 403–406 Published by: Association for Asian Studies, Stable

[14] D Haraway (2016) Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene. Duke University Press.

[15] S Harding (1987) Introduction: Is there a feminist method? In Harding (Ed.), Feminism and methodology: Social Science issues (pp. 1–14). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

[16] S Helfrich (2012). Commons. Für eine neue Politik jenseits von Markt und Staat. Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag.

[17] HONF (2022) HONF website http://xxlab.honf.org/index.php/Main_Page and http://honf.org/the-rise-of-indonesian-digital-art-edwin-jurriens/ (Retrieved January 2022).

[18] IMF (2022) Recovery from the Asian Crisis and the Role of the IMF: http://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/ib/2000/062300.htm#box3 (Retrieved January 2022)

[19] G Irvin (2019) Decolonization in “Wild Schools”: Local Music Pedagogies in Indonesia’s Taman Siswa School System. Intersections, 39(1), 93–104. http://doi.org/10.7202/1075344ar.

[20] R Jacoby (1997) Social Amnesia: A Critique of Contemporary Psychology. Routledge.

[21] Kera D. (2012) “Hackerspaces and DIYbio in Asia: connecting science and community with open

[22] data, kits and protocols” Journal of Peer Production. Issue 2.

[23] Kera D. (2014). Shenzhen and the Republic of Tinkerers: Open Source Hardware (OSHW) as Tools of Global Governance in the Hackerspaces and DIYbio labs.

[24] D La Botz (2001) Made in Indonesia. Indonesian Workers Since Suharto. South End Press Cambridge, Massachusetts.

[25] K Lahiri-Dutt and K Robinson (2008). ’Period problems’ at the coalface. Author(s): Kuntala Lahiri-Dutt and Kathryn Robinson Source: Feminist Review, 2008, No. 89 (2008), pp. 102–121 Published by: Sage Publications, Ltd. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40663963.

[26] R.D Larasati (2013) The Dance That Makes You Vanish. Minneapolis, London: University of Minnesota Press.

[27] Lentera (2015). Wadah Diskursus Sivitas Fiskom UKSW. Nomor 3/2015. Salatiga Kota Merah. (Eds.) Drs. Daru Purnomo, Flavianus Der Melsasail, Gabrilla Hersinta, Arista Ayu Nanda.

[28] C Lin, S Lindtner and S Wuschitz (2019) Hacking Difference in Indonesia: The Ambivalences of Designing for Alternative Futures. In Proceedings of the ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference (DIS ’19), San Diego, CA. http://doi.org/10.1145/3322276.3322339.

[29] S Lindtner and S.T Avle (2017) Tinkering with Governance: Technopolitics and the Economization of Citizenship, In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human-Computer Interaction - CSCW, Vol 1, Article 20, November 2017.

[30] J Margaret and S Avle (2021). “A Feminist Geopolitics of Technology.” Global Perspectives 2 (1). http://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2021.24398.

[31] Maxigas. (2012). Hacklabs and hackerspaces: Tracing two genealogies. Journal of Peer Production(2), n. p. http://peerproduction.net/issues/issue-2/peer-reviewed- papers/hacklabs-and-hackerspaces/ (Retrieved January 2022).

[32] McGregor et al. (2017) Anti-Imperialist Activism of Indonesian Women, 1951-1965, edited by Katharine McGregor et al.

[33] K McGregor E. (2013) De-Centering Cold War History: Local and Global Change Jadwiga E. Pieper Mooney, Fabio Lanza (Ed.), London and New York: Routledge.

[34] K McGregor E. (2016) Cold War scripts, South East Asia Research, 24:2, 242-260, DOI: 10.1177/0967828X16649310.

[35] K. E McGregor & V Hearman (2007) Challenges of political rehabilitation in post-New Order Indonesia: The case of Gerwani (the Indonesian Women’s Movement). South East Asia Research, 15(3), 355–384.

[36] J Melvin (2018) The Army and the Indonesian Genocide: Mechanics of Mass Murder. Oxford: Routledge.

[37] M Mies (1986) Patriarchy and Accumulation on a World Scale. Women in the International Division of Labour. Zed Press.

[38] M Mies (2014). No Commons without Community. In Community Development Journal, Volume 49, Issue suppl_1, January 2014, Pages i106-i117

[39] C Mohanty (1984) Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses, Cornell University, pp.334. Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 629–638). CHI ’15. New York, NY, Association for Computing Machinery. Doi: 10.1145/2702123.2702522.

[40] C Mohanty (2003) Feminism without Borders: Decolonizing Theory, Practicing Solidarity. Duke University Press.

[41] J Moilanen (2012) Emerging Hackerspaces – Peer-Production Generation. In Open Source Systems: Long-Term Sustainability, edited by Imed Hammouda, Björn Lundell, Tommi Mikkonen, and Walt Scacchi, 378:94–111. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

[42] D Mozingo (1976) Chinese Policy Towards Indonesia 1949 - 1967, Cornell University, p.225, Journal (2015) Lentera. Salatiga, Kota Mera, Wadah Diskursus Sivitas Fiskom UKSW, Nr. 3/2015, Salatiga Benedict Anderson (1983), Imagined Communities. Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, page 133, http://www.tribunnewswiki.com/2019/09/30/gerakan-wanita-indonesia-gerwani (Retrieved January 2022).

[43] I.F Nadia (2020) Feminismus als Klassenfrage (Teil 1 und Teil 2) In: Südostasien, Zeitschrift für Politik, Kultur, Dialog (Part 1 accessible at http://suedostasien.net/indonesien-feminismus-als-klassenfrage-teil-ii/ and part 2 accessible at http://suedostasien.net/indonesien-feminismus-als-klassenfrage-teil-i/) (Retrieved January 2022).

[44] Naipospos Coki (ed.) (1995) 50 tahun Indonesia Merdeka = Fifty years Independence of Indonesia / tim penyusun, Nany Mulyani,...[et al.] ; editor umum, Taufik Abdullah,...[et al.]. Jakarta: Citra Media Persada.

[45] M Nohara and J Kagawa (2000) The health care system for female workers and its current status in Japan. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Vol 73, No. 8: 581–586.

[46] E Nurvista and G Mario (2017) baku dapan, food study group. Ngeramban #1: Peran Perempuan dan Politik Pangan. http://bakudapan.com/id/ngeramban-1/ (Retrieved January 2022).

[47] E Ostrom (1990) Governing the Commons. The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[48] A Pohlman (2015) Women, Sexual Violence and the Indonesian Killings of 1965–66. New York: Routledge.

[49] M Puig de la Bellacasa (2017). Matters of Care. Speculative Ethics in More Than Human Worlds. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, London, p. 3 and p. 29.

[50] Reportal (2022) Internet Users in Indonesia. http://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2021-indonesia (Retrieved January 2022).

[51] Reuters (2018) Indonesia issues new tax rules as Freeport seeks fiscal guarantee. http://www.reuters.com/article/us-indonesia-tax-mining-idUSKBN1KT0MZ (Retrieved January 2022).

[52] W Rodney (1972) How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. London: Bogle-L’Ouverture Publications.

[53] U Sardjono (1964) Madju Terus untuk Pengintegrasian Total Gerwani dengan Wanita Buruh Tani dan Tani Miskin [Onwards with the Total Integration of Gerwani with Female Agricultural Workers and Poor Peasants] 1923-2011 (Jakarta, Jakarta Raya: DPP Gerwani, 1964, originally published 1964) .

[54] S Savic and S Wuschitz, (2018) ‘Feminist Hackerspace as a place of infrastructure production’, In: Ada: A Journal of Gender, New Media, and Technology, Issue #13, 2018, http://adanewmedia.org/2018/05/issue13-savic-wuschitz/ (Retrieved January 2022).

[55] B.R Simpson (2008) Economists with Guns: Authoritarian Development and U.S.-Indonesian Relations, 1960–1968. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

[56] J Stiglitz (2021) Reich und Arm. Die wachsende Ungleichheit in unserer Gesellschaft. München: Pantheon.

[57] Sulami (1999) Perempuan - Kebenaran - Penjara: Kisah Nyata Wanita Dipenjara 20, Tahun Karena Makar dan Subversi. Jakarta: Cipta Karya.

[58] Sulami (1999) Perempuan, Kebenaran dan Penjara. Cipta Lestari.

[59] S Supardi, S.A Kuntoro and S.I.A Dwiningrum (2018) Ki Hadjar Dewantara and Rabindranath Tagore’s Thought About Education. In: IJSS. Vol.14, #1, 2018, http://doaj.org/article/72a780af74cc4222ac96ef3c084d9f34 (Retrieved January 2022).

[60] J.I Suryakusuma (1988) State Ibuism: The Social Construction of Womanhood in the Indonesian New Order, Institute of Social Studies, Depok.

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