The Multi-Balloon Theory :  An Alternate Theory of the Universe

The Multi-Balloon Theory, is based on the observation that the universe is expanding, and that the rate of expansion is accelerating. This expansion continues to this day. The behaviour of matter within the expanding universes is a complex topic to understand. Yet, its significance is undeniable, as it will explain many phenomenon such as increasing distance between galaxies, the formation of black holes and the properties and the formation of dark matter.

The theory encompasses alternative concepts concerning the formation of the Universe, including the 'Big Bang Theory' and the multiverse hypothesis. Additionally, it draws support from empirically validated principles and equations like Einstein's field equations and Oort constants, employing them to substantiate its own framework.

The Multi-Balloon Theory ultimately explains the structure of the universe and the nature as well as behaviour of matter within the expanding universes.

Content

Author and article information

Journal

Title: ScienceOpen Preprints

Publisher: ScienceOpen

Publication date (Electronic preprint): 12 August 2023

Affiliations

[1 ] Shiv Nadar School, Gurgaon;

Author notes

[* ]Email: akshaj.khetarpal@ 123456gmail.com .

Author information

Akshaj Khetarpal https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9644-0631

Article

DOI: 10.14293/PR2199.000303.v1

SO-VID: 02222db3-b433-435b-a748-588877a297b2

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This work has been published open access under Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0 , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Conditions, terms of use and publishing policy can be found at www.scienceopen.com .

History

Date received : 12 August 2023

References

Dragan Andrzej, Dębski Kacper, Charzyński Szymon, Turzyński Krzysztof, Ekert Artur. Relativity of superluminal observers in 1 + 3 spacetime. Classical and Quantum Gravity. Vol. 40(2)2023. IOP Publishing. [Cross Ref]
Ota Masato, Kan Koichi, Komada Soichiro, Wang Youwei, Agulto Verdad C., Mag-usara Valynn Katrine, Arikawa Yasunobu, Asakawa Makoto R., Sakawa Youichi, Matsui Tatsunosuke, Nakajima Makoto. Ultrafast visualization of an electric field under the Lorentz transformation. Nature Physics. Vol. 18(12):1436–1440. 2022. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. [Cross Ref]
Hall Graham. Maxwell's electromagnetic theory and special relativity. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. Vol. 366(1871):1849–1860. 2008. The Royal Society. [Cross Ref]
Hawking Stephen W., Ellis George F. R.. The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time. 2023. Cambridge University Press. [Cross Ref]
Waldrop M. Mitchell. Primordial black holes could hold the key to dark matter mysteries. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Vol. 119(32)2022. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. [Cross Ref]
Carr B. J., Hawking S. W.. Black Holes in the Early Universe. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Vol. 168(2):399–415. 1974. Oxford University Press (OUP). [Cross Ref]
HAWKING S. W.. Black hole explosions? Nature. Vol. 248(5443):30–31. 1974. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. [Cross Ref]
Hawking S.. Gravitationally Collapsed Objects of Very Low Mass. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Vol. 152(1):75–78. 1971. Oxford University Press (OUP). [Cross Ref]
Mann Henry B.. Nonparametric Tests Against Trend. Econometrica. Vol. 13(3)1945. JSTOR. [Cross Ref]
Zhang P M, Elbistan M, Horvathy P A. Particle motion in circularly polarized vacuum pp waves. Classical and Quantum Gravity. Vol. 39(3)2022. IOP Publishing. [Cross Ref]
Brown J. David, Diener Peter, Field Scott E., Hesthaven Jan S., Herrmann Frank, Mroué Abdul H., Sarbach Olivier, Schnetter Erik, Tiglio Manuel, Wagman Michael. Numerical simulations with a first-order BSSN formulation of Einstein’s field equations. Physical Review D. Vol. 85(8)2012. American Physical Society (APS). [Cross Ref]

Comments

Comment on this article

[1] Dragan Andrzej, Dębski Kacper, Charzyński Szymon, Turzyński Krzysztof, Ekert Artur. Relativity of superluminal observers in 1 + 3 spacetime. Classical and Quantum Gravity. Vol. 40(2)2023. IOP Publishing. [Cross Ref]

[2] Ota Masato, Kan Koichi, Komada Soichiro, Wang Youwei, Agulto Verdad C., Mag-usara Valynn Katrine, Arikawa Yasunobu, Asakawa Makoto R., Sakawa Youichi, Matsui Tatsunosuke, Nakajima Makoto. Ultrafast visualization of an electric field under the Lorentz transformation. Nature Physics. Vol. 18(12):1436–1440. 2022. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. [Cross Ref]

[3] Hall Graham. Maxwell's electromagnetic theory and special relativity. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. Vol. 366(1871):1849–1860. 2008. The Royal Society. [Cross Ref]

[4] Hawking Stephen W., Ellis George F. R.. The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time. 2023. Cambridge University Press. [Cross Ref]

[5] Waldrop M. Mitchell. Primordial black holes could hold the key to dark matter mysteries. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Vol. 119(32)2022. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. [Cross Ref]

[6] Carr B. J., Hawking S. W.. Black Holes in the Early Universe. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Vol. 168(2):399–415. 1974. Oxford University Press (OUP). [Cross Ref]

[7] HAWKING S. W.. Black hole explosions? Nature. Vol. 248(5443):30–31. 1974. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. [Cross Ref]

[8] Hawking S.. Gravitationally Collapsed Objects of Very Low Mass. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Vol. 152(1):75–78. 1971. Oxford University Press (OUP). [Cross Ref]

[9] Mann Henry B.. Nonparametric Tests Against Trend. Econometrica. Vol. 13(3)1945. JSTOR. [Cross Ref]

[10] Zhang P M, Elbistan M, Horvathy P A. Particle motion in circularly polarized vacuum pp waves. Classical and Quantum Gravity. Vol. 39(3)2022. IOP Publishing. [Cross Ref]

[11] Brown J. David, Diener Peter, Field Scott E., Hesthaven Jan S., Herrmann Frank, Mroué Abdul H., Sarbach Olivier, Schnetter Erik, Tiglio Manuel, Wagman Michael. Numerical simulations with a first-order BSSN formulation of Einstein’s field equations. Physical Review D. Vol. 85(8)2012. American Physical Society (APS). [Cross Ref]

The Multi-Balloon Theory : An Alternate Theory of the Universe