For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
247
views
35
references
 Top references
cited by
0
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      120
      similar
       All similar
      scite_
       
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Binary Solvent Pretreatment, Adsorption and Definite Characterization of the Used Engine Lubricants.

      Preprint
      In review
      research-article
      Bookmark

            Abstract

            Engine lubricants are viscous petrochemical products that are essentially formulated for the lubrication of moving parts in an engine. With the declining production of fossil oil reserves, the need to recycle used lubricating oils arises more than ever.

            Coincidentally, engine lubricant loses its properties and cannot be used as required. Hence, this paper comparatively studies the treatment effects of the three months used lubricating oil (5W-30) with a binary solvent mixture [(methanol (70%)/n-hexane (30%)] at a 5:1 solvent to oil mixing ratio with potassium hydroxide as a coagulant at 120 oC and solvent expulsion for 30 minutes. The last stage of clarification was achieved with the physical adsorption of analytical grade activated charcoal at 150 oC for 1 hour and centrifugation at 300 rpm for 1 hour, resulting in a reddish-transparent colored base oil. Eight selected physicochemical parameters (pH, specific gravity, dynamic viscosity, ash content, flash point, pour point, percentage water content, and metallic compositions) were evaluated with the fresh engine oil (FEO), three-month old engine oil (UEO), and the treated engine oil (TEO).

            The results obtained at 95% confidence levels with respect to the entire parameters were significantly justified with the treatment methods that generated 95.7% recovery. The approach has been demonstrated to be technically feasible, sustainable and ecologically friendly.

            Content

            Author and article information

            Journal
            Title: ScienceOpen Preprints
            Publisher: ScienceOpen
            Publication date (Electronic preprint): 9 February 2022
            Affiliations
            [1 ] Department of Industrial and Environmental Pollution, National Research Institute for Chemical Technology Zaria Kaduna State, Nigeria.
            [2 ] Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Jos, Jos Plateau State, Nigeria.
            [3 ] Department of Integrated Science, Kogi State College of Education (Technical), Kabba, Kogi State.
            [4 ] Department of Textile, National Research Institute for Chemical Technology Zaria Kaduna State, Nigeria.
            Author notes
            Author information
            https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7736-8899
            Article
            DOI: 10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PP9BWN5.v1
            SO-VID: ebd7361f-3277-4197-bb13-5adc2ebb687a
            License:

            This work has been published open access under Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0 , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Conditions, terms of use and publishing policy can be found at www.scienceopen.com .

            History
            Date received : 9 February 2022

            Data availability: All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article (and its supplementary information files).
            ScienceOpen disciplines: Earth & Environmental sciences,Chemistry
            Keywords: methanol,activated charcoal, n-hexane, physicochemical characteristics.,Engine lubricant

            References

            1. Abro Rashid, Chen Xiaochun, Harijan Khanji, Dhakan Zulifqar A., Ammar Muhammad. A Comparative Study of Recycling of Used Engine Oil Using Extraction by Composite Solvent, Single Solvent, and Acid Treatment Methods. ISRN Chemical Engineering. Vol. 2013:1–5. 2013. Hindawi Limited. [Cross Ref]

            2. Adewole, Olojede, Owolabi, Obisesan. Characterization and Suitability of Reclaimed Automotive Lubricating Oils Reprocessed by Solvent Extraction Technology. Recycling. Vol. 4(3)2019. MDPI AG. [Cross Ref]

            3. Patel Avani Bharatkumar, Shaikh Shabnam, Jain Kunal R., Desai Chirayu, Madamwar Datta. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Sources, Toxicity, and Remediation Approaches. Frontiers in Microbiology. Vol. 11:2020. Frontiers Media SA. [Cross Ref]

            4. Sprovieri Mario, Feo Maria Luisa, Prevedello Lidia, Manta Daniela Salvagio, Sammartino Simone, Tamburrino Stella, Marsella Ennio. Heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in surface sediments of the Naples harbour (southern Italy). Chemosphere. Vol. 67(5):998–1009. 2007. Elsevier BV. [Cross Ref]

            5. Ferronato Navarro, Torretta Vincenzo. Waste Mismanagement in Developing Countries: A Review of Global Issues. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Vol. 16(6)2019. MDPI AG. [Cross Ref]

            6. Wang Yafei, Su Hong, Gu Yuanliang, Song Xin, Zhao Jinshun. Carcinogenicity of chromium and chemoprevention: a brief update. OncoTargets and Therapy. Vol. Volume 10:4065–4079. 2017. Informa UK Limited. [Cross Ref]

            7. Sánchez-Alvarracín Carlos, Criollo-Bravo Jessica, Albuja-Arias Daniela, García-Ávila Fernando, Pelaez-Samaniego M.. Characterization of Used Lubricant Oil in a Latin-American Medium-Size City and Analysis of Options for Its Regeneration. Recycling. Vol. 6(1)2021. MDPI AG. [Cross Ref]

            8. Nwachukwu A.. Review and assessment of mechanic village potentials for small scale used engine oil recycling business. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. Vol. 6(12):464–475. 2012. Academic Journals. [Cross Ref]

            9. Abdulkareem A. S., Afolabi A. S., Ahanonu S. O., Mokrani T.. Effect of Treatment Methods on Used Lubricating Oil for Recycling Purposes. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects. Vol. 36(9):966–973. 2014. Informa UK Limited. [Cross Ref]

            10. Krop Hildo, Eschauzier Christian, van der Roest Els, Parsons John R., de Voogt Pim. Independent mode sorption of perfluoroalkyl acids by single and multiple adsorbents. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts. Vol. 23(12):1997–2006. 2021. Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). [Cross Ref]

            11. Criscuoli A.. Osmotic Distillation and vacuum membrane Distillation for juice concentration: A comparison in terms of energy consumption at the permeate side. Separation and Purification Technology. Vol. 278:2021. Elsevier BV. [Cross Ref]

            12. Kim Myung‐Soo, Hwang Jong‐Sic, Kim Hyung‐Rak. Re‐refining of waste lube oils by vacuum distillation with petroleum atmospheric residuum. Journal of Environmental Science and Health . Part A: Environmental Science and Engineering and Toxicology. Vol. 32(4):1013–1024. 1997. Informa UK Limited. [Cross Ref]

            13. Kitamura M., Noyori R.. Hydrogenation and Transfer Hydrogenation. ChemInform. Vol. 36(39)2005. Wiley. [Cross Ref]

            14. Batov A. E., Kadiev Kh. M., Kadieva M. Kh., Maximov A. L., Oknina N. V.. Hydrogenation Processing of Heavy Oil Wastes in the Presence of Highly Efficient Ultrafine CatalystsProceedings of the Scientific-Practical Conference "Research and Development - 2016". p. 659–667. 2018. Springer International Publishing. [Cross Ref]

            15. Osman Doaa I., Attia Sayed K., Taman Afaf R.. Recycling of used engine oil by different solvent. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum. Vol. 27(2):221–225. 2018. Elsevier BV. [Cross Ref]

            16. Elbashir N.O, Al-Zahrani S.M, Abdul Mutalib M.I, Abasaeed A.E. A method of predicting effective solvent extraction parameters for recycling of used lubricating oils. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification. Vol. 41(9):765–769. 2002. Elsevier BV. [Cross Ref]

            17. Hamad Ahmad, Al-Zubaidy Essam, Fayed Muhammad E.. Used lubricating oil recycling using hydrocarbon solvents. Journal of Environmental Management. Vol. 74(2):153–159. 2005. Elsevier BV. [Cross Ref]

            18. Nageeb Mohamed. Adsorption Technique for the Removal of Organic Pollutants from Water and WastewaterOrganic Pollutants - Monitoring, Risk and Treatment. 2013. InTech. [Cross Ref]

            19. Rodrguez-Reinoso Francisco. Production and Applications of Activated CarbonsHandbook of Porous Solids. p. 1766–1827. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH. [Cross Ref]

            20. Riyanto, Agussetianingrum Tri Astuti, Juliantydjawi Dwi Putri. The effect of treatment with activated carbon on the metal content in reuse of lubricating oil waste. MATEC Web of Conferences. Vol. 154:2018. EDP Sciences. [Cross Ref]

            21. Abdulkareem A. S., Afolabi A. S., Ahanonu S. O., Mokrani T.. Effect of Treatment Methods on Used Lubricating Oil for Recycling Purposes. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects. Vol. 36(9):966–973. 2014. Informa UK Limited. [Cross Ref]

            22. Adewole, Olojede, Owolabi, Obisesan. Characterization and Suitability of Reclaimed Automotive Lubricating Oils Reprocessed by Solvent Extraction Technology. Recycling. Vol. 4(3)2019. MDPI AG. [Cross Ref]

            23. Kalra Yash P. Determination of pH of Soils by Different Methods: Collaborative Study. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL. Vol. 78(2):310–324. 1995. Oxford University Press (OUP). [Cross Ref]

            24. Tur’yan Y. I., Kardash E., Garibyan I.. pH-Metric Determination of Free Fatty Acids in Oils and Fats During Frying in the Absence of a Chemical Laboratory. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. Vol. 85(1):91–92. 2008. Wiley. [Cross Ref]

            25. Wietecha Tomasz, Kurzydło Piotr M.. DETERMINATION of the dynamic viscosity coefficient of the Stokes viscometer - construction of a measuring set in the Physical Laboratory of the State Higher Vocational School in Tarnów. Science, Technology and Innovation. Vol. 5(2):60–65. 2019. University of Applied Sciences in Tarnow, Poland. [Cross Ref]

            26. Chukwuneke Chikaodili E., Madu Joshua O., Agboola Bolade O.. Determining Ash Content and Trace Metal Concentration in Crude Oil Samples to Teach Students Sample Preparation and Instrumental Analysis. Journal of Chemical Education. Vol. 98(2):633–638. 2021. American Chemical Society (ACS). [Cross Ref]

            27. Hameed Dana Kareem. Engine Oil Deterioration based on the Viscosity, flash point and fire point for Different Trip Length. Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research. 13–20. 2021. Sulaimani Polytechnic University. [Cross Ref]

            28. Headley John V., Peru Kerry M., Barrow Mark P.. Advances in mass spectrometric characterization of naphthenic acids fraction compounds in oil sands environmental samples and crude oil-A review. Mass Spectrometry Reviews. Vol. 35(2):311–328. 2016. Wiley. [Cross Ref]

            29. Piroozian Ali, Ismail Issham, Yaacob Zulkefli, Babakhani Parham, Ismail Ahmad Shamsul Izwan. Impact of drilling fluid viscosity, velocity and hole inclination on cuttings transport in horizontal and highly deviated wells. Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology. Vol. 2(3):149–156. 2012. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. [Cross Ref]

            30. Yang Xiao-dong, Melnik R. V. N.. Dynamic analysis of polymeric fluid in shear flow for dumbbell model with internal viscosity. Journal of Central South University of Technology. Vol. 15(S1):17–20. 2008. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. [Cross Ref]

            31. Carden Phil, Pisani Carl, Andersson Jon, Field Ian, Lainé Emmanuel, Bansal Jai, Devine Maryann. The Effect of Low Viscosity Oil on the Wear, Friction and Fuel Consumption of a Heavy Duty Truck Engine. SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants. Vol. 6(2):311–319. 2013. SAE International. [Cross Ref]

            32. Hameed Dana Kareem. Engine Oil Deterioration based on the Viscosity, flash point and fire point for Different Trip Length. Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research. 13–20. 2021. Sulaimani Polytechnic University. [Cross Ref]

            33. Hameed Dana Kareem. Engine Oil Deterioration based on the Viscosity, flash point and fire point for Different Trip Length. Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research. 13–20. 2021. Sulaimani Polytechnic University. [Cross Ref]

            34. Lodi Faisal, Zare Ali, Arora Priyanka, Stevanovic Svetlana, Jafari Mohammad, Ristovski Zoran, Brown Richard J., Bodisco Timothy. Combustion Analysis of a Diesel Engine during Warm up at Different Coolant and Lubricating Oil Temperatures. Energies. Vol. 13(15)2020. MDPI AG. [Cross Ref]

            35. Soleimani Majid, Dehabadi Leila, Wilson Lee D., Tabil Lope G.. Antioxidants Classification and Applications in LubricantsLubrication - Tribology, Lubricants and Additives. 2018. InTech. [Cross Ref]

            36. Eliaz Noam. Corrosion of Metallic Biomaterials: A Review. Materials. Vol. 12(3)2019. MDPI AG. [Cross Ref]

            37. Stout Scott A., Litman Eric, Blue Douglas. Metal concentrations in used engine oils: Relevance to site assessments of soils. Environmental Forensics. Vol. 19(3):191–205. 2018. Informa UK Limited. [Cross Ref]

            38. Tanemura Kiyoshi, Rohand Taoufik. Activated charcoal as an effective additive for alkaline and acidic hydrolysis of esters in water. Tetrahedron Letters. Vol. 61(44)2020. Elsevier BV. [Cross Ref]

            39. Alao Rasheed O., Payaslioglu Cem. Oil price uncertainty and industrial production in oil-exporting countries. Resources Policy. Vol. 70:2021. Elsevier BV. [Cross Ref]

            Comments

            Comment on this article