An Overview of COVID-19 Pandemic: Emphasis on Vaccines and Unvaccinated

Since December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (causing Coronavirus disease 2019” (COVID-19) has rapidly spread around the world and it is responsible for more than 187 million cases diagnosed and 5 million deaths. Health, education, and economic threats caused governments and institutions to take preventive measures against the spread of the disease. At the city levels the measures include shutdown of businesses such as cinemas and theaters, cancellation of other mass gatherings, school closure, closing workplace. At the individual level preventive and control measures include face masks, frequent hand washing, and getting vaccinated. Various platforms for vaccine development are available with each proven to be relatively safe and highly effective at preventing the infection and serious illness from COVID-19. However, a growing number of peoples around the world are reluctant to receive recommendations or expressing hesitancy. Vaccine hesitancy is defined as the delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccine despite availability of vaccine services. This review is aimed at providing an overview of COVID-19 with more emphasis on vaccines and vaccine hesitancy.

Content

Author and article information

Journal

Title: ScienceOpen Preprints

Publisher: ScienceOpen

Publication date (Electronic preprint): 1 February 2022

Affiliations

[1 ] Department of Biological Sciences, Winston Salem State University, 601 S Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Winston-Salem, NC 27110 USA

[2 ] Department of Biology, North Carolina A and T State University, 1601 E Market St, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA

[3 ] Department of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 1400 Spring Garden St, Greensboro, NC 27412 USA

Author notes

[* ]Email: ewunkemaj@ 123456wssu.edu .

Author information

Akamu Ewunkem https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3441-9881

Article

DOI: 10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PPJGRIE.v1

SO-VID: cd0c2801-8e26-4764-b382-1cfd0297b6ed

License:

This work has been published open access under Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0 , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Conditions, terms of use and publishing policy can be found at www.scienceopen.com .

History

Date received : 1 February 2022

Data availability: Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

ScienceOpen disciplines: Agriculture,Social & Behavioral Sciences,Life sciences

Keywords: Vaccines,COVID-19,Corona virus,SARS-CoV-2,Vaccine hesitancy

Comments

Prof.Dr.Mauricio Martí-Brenes wrote:

Abstract, title and references:

●The goal is clear

● It is clear what the study found and how it did it.

● The title is informative and relevant.

● References: They are relevant and Recent

● They are mentioned correctly

● The studies are key and appropriate, they are included in the article.

Introduction/background

● Whether it is clear what is already known about this topic

● Clearly defined research question

● For this topic, if the research question is justifiedmethods

● The topic selection process is clear.

● If the variables are adequately defined and measured

● The study methods, if they are valid and reliable.

● Whether there are enough details to replicate the study

Results

● Data is presented appropriately.

● Tables and figures are relevant and clearly presented.

● Appropriate units, rounding, and number of decimal places

● Titles, columns and rows labeled correctly and clearly.

● Categories grouped appropriately

● The text of the results is added to the data.

● It is a statistically significant result.

● It is a significant result in practice

Discussions and conclusions

If the results are discussed from multiple angles and placed in context without over interpreting them.

● If the conclusions respond to the objectives of the study

● The conclusions, if they are supported by references or results

● The conclusions indicate with scientific rigor the purpose of carrying out future research on the topic of the article.

In general

It is adequate to answer the objective.

● Added more interest than was already known on this topic.

● If it is coherent in itself

2023-08-07 17:28 UTC

Prof.Dr.Mauricio Martí-Brenes wrote:

Abstract, title and references:

●The goal is clear

● It is clear what the study found and how it did it.

● The title is informative and relevant.

● References: They are relevant and Recent

● They are mentioned correctly

● The studies are key and appropriate, they are included in the article.

Introduction/background

● Whether it is clear what is already known about this topic

● Clearly defined research question

● For this topic, if the research question is justifiedmethods

● The topic selection process is clear.

● If the variables are adequately defined and measured

● The study methods, if they are valid and reliable.

● Whether there are enough details to replicate the study

Results

● Data is presented appropriately.

● Tables and figures are relevant and clearly presented.

● Appropriate units, rounding, and number of decimal places

● Titles, columns and rows labeled correctly and clearly.

● Categories grouped appropriately

● The text of the results is added to the data.

● It is a statistically significant result.

● It is a significant result in practice

Discussions and conclusions

If the results are discussed from multiple angles and placed in context without over interpreting them.

● If the conclusions respond to the objectives of the study

● The conclusions, if they are supported by references or results

● The conclusions indicate with scientific rigor the purpose of carrying out future research on the topic of the article.

In general

It is adequate to answer the objective.

● Added more interest than was already known on this topic.

● If it is coherent in itself

2023-05-19 11:03 UTC

One person recommends this

Prof.Dr.Mauricio Martí-Brenes wrote:

2023-05-13 01:03 UTC

One person recommends this

Prof.Dr.Mauricio Martí-Brenes wrote:

Dear Prof.Dr.Mauricio Martí-Brenes,

I would be very grateful if you as an expert in the field would consider reviewing this publication:

Publication title: "An Overview of COVID-19 Pandemic: Emphasis on Vaccines and Unvaccinated"

Source: ScienceOpen Preprints

Authors: Akamu Ewunkem, Uchenna Iloghalu, Tiffany Muse

Please let us know if you are willing to review this article by Jun 5 2023 by confirming here YES.

Akamu Ewunkem

	The article title and abstract are appropriate Yes The purpose of the article and its significance is stated clearly Yes The study methods are sound and appropriate Yes The writing is clear and concise Yes The conclusions or summary are accurate and supported by the content Yes The article is of interest to members of the education research community Yes Publish, no significant alterations suggested Yes Publish Yes Reject, do not Re-Review No Would you like to re-review the manuscript revised by the author? No It has scientific rigor and research methodology, it is useful and I consider that it can be published to follow it up in the academic field. Abstract, title and references ● If the objective is clear ● It is clear what the study found and how it did it. ● The title is informative and relevant. ● Are the references: ● Relevant ● Recent ● If mentioned correctly ● Appropriate key studies are included in the
	Introduction/background ● Whether it is clear what is already known about this topic ● Clearly defined research question ● For this topic, if the research question is justified
	Methods ● The subject selection process is clear. ● If the variables are adequately defined and measured ● The study methods, if they are valid and reliable. ● Whether there are enough details to replicate the study
	Results ● Data is presented appropriately ● Tables and figures are relevant and clearly presented. ● Appropriate units, rounding, and number of decimal places ● Titles, columns and rows labeled correctly and clearly. ● Categories grouped appropriately ● The text of the results is added to the data. ● It is a statistically significant result. ● It is a significant result in practice
	Discussion and Conclusions Whether the results are discussed from multiple angles and placed in context without overinterpreting them ● If the conclusions respond to the objectives of the study ● The conclusions, if they are supported by references or results ● Are opportunities to inform future research
	Overall It is adequate to answer the objective ● Added more interest than was already known about this topic. ● If it is coherent in itself

2023-05-13 01:00 UTC

One person recommends this

Prof.Dr.Mauricio Martí-Brenes wrote:

It is clear what is known on this subject.
The investigation is clearly defined.
For this topic, research is warranted.
The topic selection process is clear.

Variables are adequately defined and measured.
The study methods are valid and reliable.
There are enough details to replicate the study.

2023-05-10 19:14 UTC

Abubakar Yaro wrote:

A good review of the current status of COVID-19 can add to our existing knowledge. Accept

2022-02-14 21:01 UTC

2 people recommend this

Stephanie Dawson wrote:

Thanks for your input!

2022-02-17 14:15 UTC

An Overview of COVID-19 Pandemic: Emphasis on Vaccines and Unvaccinated

Journal

Affiliations

Author notes

Author information

Article

History

Dear Prof.Dr.Mauricio Martí-Brenes,

I would be very grateful if you as an expert in the field would consider reviewing this publication:

Publication title: "An Overview of COVID-19 Pandemic: Emphasis on Vaccines and Unvaccinated"

Source: ScienceOpen Preprints

Authors: Akamu Ewunkem, Uchenna Iloghalu, Tiffany Muse

Please let us know if you are willing to review this article by Jun 5 2023 by confirming here YES.

Akamu Ewunkem

Abstract, title and references

● If the objective is clear

● It is clear what the study found and how it did it.

● The title is informative and relevant.

● Are the references:

● Relevant

● Recent

● If mentioned correctly

● Appropriate key studies are included in the

Introduction/background

● Whether it is clear what is already known about this topic

● Clearly defined research question

● For this topic, if the research question is justified

Methods

● The subject selection process is clear.

● If the variables are adequately defined and measured

● The study methods, if they are valid and reliable.

● Whether there are enough details to replicate the study

Results

● Data is presented appropriately

● Tables and figures are relevant and clearly presented.

● Appropriate units, rounding, and number of decimal places

● Titles, columns and rows labeled correctly and clearly.

● Categories grouped appropriately

● The text of the results is added to the data.

● It is a statistically significant result.

● It is a significant result in practice

Discussion and Conclusions

Whether the results are discussed from multiple angles and placed in context without overinterpreting them

● If the conclusions respond to the objectives of the study

● The conclusions, if they are supported by references or results

● Are

opportunities to inform future research

Overall

It is adequate to answer the objective

● Added more interest than was already known about this topic.

● If it is coherent in itself

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