BACTERIOPHAGES: Genius Viruses Leading the Future of Biotechnology

ABSTRACT: Bacteriophages or phages are the most abundant organisms in the biosphere and are an omnipresent feature of prokaryotic existence. A bacteriophage is a virus which infects a bacterium and can be used for multiple perspectives in biological sciences. With the capability of better bio-film penetration, they are target-specific in nature, lyse bacteria at the site of infection and can be called as targeted antibiotics in the field of medical science. Phages can be used in agricultural industries, petroleum industries and as bio-control agents. With recent advancement of technologies and techniques, phages can be used as vehicles for vaccine delivery to humans and other mammals. In genetic engineering, they can be used as vectors for horizontal gene transfer. Phages possess good therapeutic and clinical values for cancer and HIV therapies. They are revolutionizing CRISPRCas9 resistance and extend the frontier for bio-control and bio-processing. Bacteriophages have the ability to reform modern medical science due to its uniqueness and specificity on pathogens. many researchers and institutions have taken a step forward and are analyzing phage human interactions at genomic and proteomic levels. We can conclude that future era of biotechnology can be led by these genius viruses which possess a scientific uniqueness in them and leading biological research to new extents.