Neoantigens: : Novel Antigens
Potential Detection & Personalized Vaccination for Glioblastomas

The expression of non-synonymous mutations can result in the production of neoantigens, which are tumor-specific antigens. Neoantigens, or tumor-specific antigens, can be produced as a result of the expression of non-synonymous mutations.

A considerable number of mutations frequently appear as a result of the genetic instability of tumour cells. Neoantigens are extremely immunogenic because they are not expressed in normal tissues. They can stimulate CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to generate an immune response, making them potential novel targets for tumour immunotherapy. The development of bioinformatics technologies has accelerated the discovery of neoantigens. The majority of the time, whole-exome sequencing technology is combined with different algorithms to determine and predict the immunogenicity of neoantigens or the affinity of neoantigens to major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs).

We discussed the most recent advances in the classification of immunotherapy, as well as the procedure for detecting, classifying, and synthesising tumor-specific neoantigens and their role in the field of cancer immunotherapy. The prospective uses of neoantigens and current problems were then discussed. Tumor cells' inherent genomic instability enables the expression of atypical and novel tumour antigens, which may be used as targets for cancer immunotherapy.