THE US-MARKET-ORIENTED QUALIFYING INDUSTRIAL ZONES: ECONOMIC REALITIES AND SCOPE OF BENEFITS (1996-2006)

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Volume 30, Issue 3

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THE US-MARKET-ORIENTED QUALIFYING INDUSTRIAL ZONES: ECONOMIC REALITIES AND SCOPE OF BENEFITS (1996-2006)

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Author(s): Amal A. Kandeel

Publication date (Print): 1 July 2008

Journal: Arab Studies Quarterly

Publisher: Pluto Journals

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Journal ID (jstor): arabstudquar

Journal ID (doi): 10.2307/j50005550

Title: Arab Studies Quarterly

Publisher: Pluto Journals

ISSN (Print): 02713519

Publication date (Print): 1 July 2008

Volume: 30

Issue: 3

Pages: 25-39

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DOI: 10.2307/41858550

SO-VID: 742e44ca-1c33-43b0-9b70-2f86ed52162c

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ENDNOTES

World Bank, World Development Indicators (WDI) Online Database, http://ddp-ext.worldbank.org/ext/DDPQQ/member.do? ethod= etMembers&userid=1&queryId=6 (accessed 7 April 2008).
Ibid.
"Qualifying Industrial Zone (QIZ): Agreement between the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and Israel on Irbid Qualifying Industrial Zone," Jordan Enterprise Development Corporation, Jordan's Agreement Website, http://www.agreements.jedco.gov.jo/new_agree/multilateral_agreements.html (accessed 15, 29 April 2008); Joshua Ruebner, United States-Jordan Free Trade Agreement, CRS Report for Congress RL 30652 (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, updated 1 May 2001), p. 2.
International Labor Organization, Globalization of the Footwear, Textile and Clothing Industries. TMFTCI/1996, Geneva: ILO, 1996
Helen Chapin Metz, ed., Israel: A Country Study, 3rd ed. (Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, 1990), pp. 157-58; Eric V. Clifton, "The Decline of Traditional Sectors in Israel: The Role of the Exchange Rate and the Minimum Wage," Working Paper WP/98/167 (Washington, D.C.: IMF, 1998); Infomat Database, "Apparel Industry in Israel," http://www.infomat.com/information/research/industry/ Reports/ Israel_Apparel.html.
Wehbe Badarneh,"Marks & Spencer Calls the Shots: Israeli Textile Firms Flourish in Jordan and Egypt," Challenge, no. 60 (March-April 2000), pp. 1-2.
Data released by the Israeli Customs Authorities, cited in Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 'Israel-Jordan Relations," press release, 26 October 1998, http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa.
Jordan Investment Board, "Costs of Doing Business," http://www.jib.com.jo (accessed April and May 2005, January, March, July and December 2006, January 2007, and April 2008); US Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – 2000: Jordan, 23 February 2001, http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2000/nea/836.htm, p. 17 (accessed 5 May 2008).
US Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – 1999: Jordan, 23 February 2000, http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/1999/418.htm, p.14 (accessed 5 May 2008).
Abeer Arafat, Apparel and Textiles Sector Report (Amman: Export and Finance Bank, 2001), p. 3.
Tim Whewell, "Jordan Feels Mid-East Tensions," BBC News, 21 December 2000, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/crossing_continents/ 1072679.stm (accessed 2 May 2008), p. 2; Jordan Economic and Commerce Bureau, Embassy of Jordan, Washington DC, "Investment – Key Sectors – Apparel & Textiles," http://www.jordanecb.org/apparel_textiles.shtm, p. 1 (accessed 2 May 2008).
http://www.bls.gov.
International Labor Organization, Minimum Wages Database, http://www.ilo.org/travaildatabase/servlet/minimumwages (accessed 28 April 2008).
http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/oiea/wagestudy/FS-Israel.htm.
Israeli Ministry of Finance, Economic Research and State Revenue Division, "Economic Outlook," http://www.mof.gov.il/beinle/eo1/remarks4.htm.
Ministry of Labor, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Orduni Likul Forsat A'Amal: al-Moassassat fi Al-manatik Al-sinaiya Al-mo'ahhala (QIZ), hata 31 December 2006 Amman: Information and Research Administration, Ministry of Labor, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, 2007
World Bank, World Development Indicators (WDI) Online Database, http://ddp-ext.worldbank.org/ext/DDPQQ/member.do? method= getMembers&userid=1&queryId=6 (accessed 1 May 2008).
"Act No. 8 of 1996 to Promulgate the Labour Code, Al-Jarida Al- Rasmiya, No. 4113, 16 April 1996, from International Labor Organization, NATLEX Database, http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/WEBTEXT/45676/ 65048/E96JOR01.htm (accessed 16, 28 April 2008).
Kamil N. Fakhoury, CEO, El-Zay Ready Wear Manufacturing Co. Ltd., Jordan, in a series of emails to the author, summer 2005.
Jordan's Human Development Report 2004: Building Sustainable Livelihoods (Amman: Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, and the United Nations Development Program, 2004), p. 18.
United Nations, Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian Refugees, "Jordan Refugee Camp Profiles," http://www.un.org/unrwa/ refugees/jordan.html (accessed 5 May 2008).
Marie Arneberg, Living Conditions among Palestinian Refugees and Displaced Persons in Jordan, fafo-report 237 (FAFO Institute for Applied Social Sciences, 1997), p. 7.
Salwa El Masri, "Diagnostics of Poverty in Jordan," paper prepared for the World Bank Development Debate on the MENA region, Jordan, Egypt, Morocco and Lebanon, March-May 2002, p. 11.
Ibid.
Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, and United Nations Development Program in Jordan, Jordan Human Development Report 2004, p. 28.
United Nations, Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, "Jordan: Citizens in 40 Municipalities Live below Poverty Line," IRIN News, 19 April 2006, http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=26197.
International Labor Organization, Labour Practices in the Footwear, Leather, Textiles and Clothing Industries, TMLFI/2000, report for discussion at the Tripartite Meeting on Labour Practices in the Footwear, Leather, Textiles and Clothing Industries (Geneva: ILO, 2000), p. 41.
US International Trade Commission (USITC), Textile and Apparel: Assessment of the Competitiveness of Certain Foreign Suppliers to the US Market, no. 3671, vol. 2, Profiles of Textile and Apparel Industries in Selected Countries - Appendix L: Egypt, Israel, Jordan and Turkey (Washington, DC: US International Trade Commission, January 2004), pp. 26-7.
Alan Beattie et al, "Lifting of Textile Quotas has Fueled Protectionist Backlash." Financial Times, 26 April 2005; "US move to restrict Chinese textile imports really disappointing: WTO official," People's Daily Online, 24 May 2005, http://english.people.com.cn/200505/24/ eng20050524_186584. html; Edward Gesser, "Tangled Threads of Protectionism – Part II: The Age-old Desire to Protect the Makers of Clothes in a Country Rages on Unabated," Yale Global Online, 5 May 2005, http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/display.article?id=5686 (accessed 15 April 2008).

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[1] World Bank, World Development Indicators (WDI) Online Database, http://ddp-ext.worldbank.org/ext/DDPQQ/member.do? ethod= etMembers&userid=1&queryId=6 (accessed 7 April 2008).

[2] Ibid.

[3] "Qualifying Industrial Zone (QIZ): Agreement between the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and Israel on Irbid Qualifying Industrial Zone," Jordan Enterprise Development Corporation, Jordan's Agreement Website, http://www.agreements.jedco.gov.jo/new_agree/multilateral_agreements.html (accessed 15, 29 April 2008); Joshua Ruebner, United States-Jordan Free Trade Agreement, CRS Report for Congress RL 30652 (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, updated 1 May 2001), p. 2.

[4] International Labor Organization, Globalization of the Footwear, Textile and Clothing Industries. TMFTCI/1996, Geneva: ILO, 1996

[5] Helen Chapin Metz, ed., Israel: A Country Study, 3rd ed. (Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, 1990), pp. 157-58; Eric V. Clifton, "The Decline of Traditional Sectors in Israel: The Role of the Exchange Rate and the Minimum Wage," Working Paper WP/98/167 (Washington, D.C.: IMF, 1998); Infomat Database, "Apparel Industry in Israel," http://www.infomat.com/information/research/industry/ Reports/ Israel_Apparel.html.

[6] Wehbe Badarneh,"Marks & Spencer Calls the Shots: Israeli Textile Firms Flourish in Jordan and Egypt," Challenge, no. 60 (March-April 2000), pp. 1-2.

[7] Data released by the Israeli Customs Authorities, cited in Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 'Israel-Jordan Relations," press release, 26 October 1998, http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa.

[8] Jordan Investment Board, "Costs of Doing Business," http://www.jib.com.jo (accessed April and May 2005, January, March, July and December 2006, January 2007, and April 2008); US Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – 2000: Jordan, 23 February 2001, http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2000/nea/836.htm, p. 17 (accessed 5 May 2008).

[9] US Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – 1999: Jordan, 23 February 2000, http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/1999/418.htm, p.14 (accessed 5 May 2008).

[10] Abeer Arafat, Apparel and Textiles Sector Report (Amman: Export and Finance Bank, 2001), p. 3.

[11] Tim Whewell, "Jordan Feels Mid-East Tensions," BBC News, 21 December 2000, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/crossing_continents/ 1072679.stm (accessed 2 May 2008), p. 2; Jordan Economic and Commerce Bureau, Embassy of Jordan, Washington DC, "Investment – Key Sectors – Apparel & Textiles," http://www.jordanecb.org/apparel_textiles.shtm, p. 1 (accessed 2 May 2008).

[12] http://www.bls.gov.

[13] International Labor Organization, Minimum Wages Database, http://www.ilo.org/travaildatabase/servlet/minimumwages (accessed 28 April 2008).

[14] http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/oiea/wagestudy/FS-Israel.htm.

[15] Israeli Ministry of Finance, Economic Research and State Revenue Division, "Economic Outlook," http://www.mof.gov.il/beinle/eo1/remarks4.htm.

[16] Ministry of Labor, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Orduni Likul Forsat A'Amal: al-Moassassat fi Al-manatik Al-sinaiya Al-mo'ahhala (QIZ), hata 31 December 2006 Amman: Information and Research Administration, Ministry of Labor, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, 2007

[17] World Bank, World Development Indicators (WDI) Online Database, http://ddp-ext.worldbank.org/ext/DDPQQ/member.do? method= getMembers&userid=1&queryId=6 (accessed 1 May 2008).

[18] "Act No. 8 of 1996 to Promulgate the Labour Code, Al-Jarida Al- Rasmiya, No. 4113, 16 April 1996, from International Labor Organization, NATLEX Database, http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/WEBTEXT/45676/ 65048/E96JOR01.htm (accessed 16, 28 April 2008).

[19] Kamil N. Fakhoury, CEO, El-Zay Ready Wear Manufacturing Co. Ltd., Jordan, in a series of emails to the author, summer 2005.

[20] Jordan's Human Development Report 2004: Building Sustainable Livelihoods (Amman: Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, and the United Nations Development Program, 2004), p. 18.

[21] United Nations, Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian Refugees, "Jordan Refugee Camp Profiles," http://www.un.org/unrwa/ refugees/jordan.html (accessed 5 May 2008).

[22] Marie Arneberg, Living Conditions among Palestinian Refugees and Displaced Persons in Jordan, fafo-report 237 (FAFO Institute for Applied Social Sciences, 1997), p. 7.

[23] Salwa El Masri, "Diagnostics of Poverty in Jordan," paper prepared for the World Bank Development Debate on the MENA region, Jordan, Egypt, Morocco and Lebanon, March-May 2002, p. 11.

[24] Ibid.

[25] Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, and United Nations Development Program in Jordan, Jordan Human Development Report 2004, p. 28.

[26] United Nations, Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, "Jordan: Citizens in 40 Municipalities Live below Poverty Line," IRIN News, 19 April 2006, http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=26197.

[27] International Labor Organization, Labour Practices in the Footwear, Leather, Textiles and Clothing Industries, TMLFI/2000, report for discussion at the Tripartite Meeting on Labour Practices in the Footwear, Leather, Textiles and Clothing Industries (Geneva: ILO, 2000), p. 41.

[28] US International Trade Commission (USITC), Textile and Apparel: Assessment of the Competitiveness of Certain Foreign Suppliers to the US Market, no. 3671, vol. 2, Profiles of Textile and Apparel Industries in Selected Countries - Appendix L: Egypt, Israel, Jordan and Turkey (Washington, DC: US International Trade Commission, January 2004), pp. 26-7.

[29] Alan Beattie et al, "Lifting of Textile Quotas has Fueled Protectionist Backlash." Financial Times, 26 April 2005; "US move to restrict Chinese textile imports really disappointing: WTO official," People's Daily Online, 24 May 2005, http://english.people.com.cn/200505/24/ eng20050524_186584. html; Edward Gesser, "Tangled Threads of Protectionism – Part II: The Age-old Desire to Protect the Makers of Clothes in a Country Rages on Unabated," Yale Global Online, 5 May 2005, http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/display.article?id=5686 (accessed 15 April 2008).

Arab Studies Quarterly

THE US-MARKET-ORIENTED QUALIFYING INDUSTRIAL ZONES: ECONOMIC REALITIES AND SCOPE OF BENEFITS (1996-2006)

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