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      A TAXONOMY OF JIHAD

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            Author and article information

            Journal
            arabstudquar
            10.2307/j50005550
            Arab Studies Quarterly
            Pluto Journals
            02713519
            1 July 2009
            : 31
            : 3
            : 21-34
            Article
            10.2307/41858583
            d43d5358-fa3c-452d-9aa8-b4ec460f2bf4

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            History

            Social & Behavioral Sciences

            ENDNOTES

            1. The Quran 4:95.Similar are 9(41, 81, 88).

            2. Khaled Abou El Fadl, "Islam and the Theology of Power," Middle East Report, No. 221, (winter, 2001), 29. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1559337.

            3. Armstrong, Karen, Battle for God: Fundamentalism in Judaism, Christianity & Islam (USA: Random House, 2000).

            4. Michael Scheuer, Imperial Hubris (Virginia: Brassey's, 2004), 7- 8.

            5. El Fadl, 2001

            6. Khaled Abou El Fadl, "Islamic Law and Muslim Minorities: The Juristic Discourse on Muslim Minorities from the Second/Eighth to the Eleventh/Seventeenth Centuries," Journal of Islamic Law and Society 22/1 (1994).

            7. Khaled Abou El Fadl, "The Rules of Killing at War: An Inquiry into Classical Sources," The Muslim World 89 (1999).

            8. El Fadl, 2001.

            9. Ibid.

            10. El Fadl, 2001, 31.

            11. El Fadl, 2001, 31.

            12. Bin Laden, Osama. Messages to the World: The Statements of Osama bin Laden, ed. Bruce Lawrence, Trans. James Howarth (London, Verso Press, 2005), 61.

            13. The Quran, 2:193 and 8:39.

            14. Lawrence and Howarth 2005, 117.

            15. Lt. Col. Jonathan D. Halevi, "Al-Qaeda's Intellectual Legacy: New Radical Islamic Thinking Justifying the Genocide of Infidels," Jerusalem Viewpoints, No.508, December 2003; http://www.jcpa.org/j1/vp508.htm.

            16. Amir Taheri, "The Death of bin Ladenism," New York Times, 11 July 2002.

            17. Khaled M. Abou El Fadl, Conference of the Books: The Search for Beauty in Islam (Lanham and Oxford: University Press of America, 2001), xvii.

            18. Tamara Albertini, "The Seductiveness of Certainty: The Destruction of Islam's Intellectual Legacy by the Fundamentalists," Philosophy East and West, Vol. 53, No. 4, (Oct., 2003), p. 462. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1399978. Majid Khadduri, Al-Shafi'I's Risala, 84-87.

            19. Ibid., p.463. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/binladen/who/interview.html. 5.

            20. Ibid. http://www.ict.org.il/spotlight/det.cfrn?id=716, 2.

            21. Ibid., 464.

            22. University of Chicago Press: Fundamentalisms Observed (1991), Fundamentalisms and Society (1993), Fundamentalisms and the State (1993), Accounting for Fundamentalisms (1994), Fundamentalisms Comprehended (1995).

            23. The News, 7 July 2008. http://thenews.jang.com.pk/arc_default.asp.

            24. Ibid.

            25. The News, 9 July 2008. http://thenews.iang.com.pk/ arc_news.asp?id=8.

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