SOVEREIGNTY THROUGH DECENTRALIZATION: COMMUNITY-LEVEL APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT IN PALESTINE

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SOVEREIGNTY THROUGH DECENTRALIZATION: COMMUNITY-LEVEL APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT IN PALESTINE

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Author(s): Yossef Ben-Meir

Publication date (Print): 1 October 2009

Journal: Arab Studies Quarterly

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Publication date (Print): 1 October 2009

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REFERENCES

Abraham, A., and Platteau, J. (2002), Participatory Development in the Presence of Endogenous Community Imperfections, Department of Economics and CRED, University of Namur, Belgium.
Acselrad, H. (1999), "Sustainability and Territory: Meaningful Practices and Material Transformations", in Becker, E., and Jahn, T. (Eds.), Sustainability and the Social Sciences: A Cross-Disciplinary Approach to Integrating Environmental Considerations into Theoretical Reorientation, Zed Books, New York, NY, pp. 37-58.
Alternative Information Center (AIC) (18 March 2008) "The Right to Run Their Own Economy: AIC Policy Paper on Palestinian Trade."
Arora, D. (1994) "From State Regulation to People's Participation: The Case of Forest Management in India", Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. XXIX, No. 23, 19 March, p. 693.
Awa, N. (1996), "The Indigenous Farmer and the Scientific Researcher: Issues in Participatory Research in Africa", in Servaes, J., Jacobsen, T., and White, S. (Eds.), Participatory Communication for Social Change, Sage Publications, New Delhi, pp. 127-49.
Barsalou, J. (2003), "Missing the Mark: Foreign aid to the Palestinians," Middle East Policy, Winter, Vol. 10, Issue 4, p. 48(9).
Bhatnagar, B., and Williams, A. (1992), "Introduction," in Bhatnagar, B., and Williams, A. (Eds.), Participatory Development and the World Bank: Potential Directions for Change, No. 183 World Bank Discussion Papers, The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, Washington, DC, pp. 1-10.
Binswanger, H. (1998), "Agricultural and Rural Development: Painful Lessons", in Eicher, C. and Staatz, J. (Eds.), International Agricultural Development, John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, pp. 287-99.
Bond, R., Curran, J., Francis, P., Kirkpatrick, C., and Lee, N. (2001) "Integrated Impact Assessment for Sustainable Development: A Case Study Approach," World Development, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 1011-24, Elsevier Science.
Bookchin, M. (1990), Remaking Society: Pathways to a Green Future, South End Press, Boston, MA.
Brohman, J. (1996), Popular Development: Rethinking the Theory and Practice of Development, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, UK, pp. 218-9.
Cernea, M. (1992), "The Building Blocks of Participation: Testing a Social Methodology", in Bhatnagar, B., and Williams, A. (Eds.), Participatory Development and the World Bank: Potential Directions for Change, No. 183 World Bank Discussion Papers, The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, Washington, DC, pp. 96-108.
Chambers, R. (2005), Ideas for Development, Earthscan, London, UK.
Cheater, A. (Ed.) (1999), The Anthropology of Power: Empowerment and Disempowerment in Changing Structures (ASA Monographs 35), Routledge, London and New York.
Conyers, D. (1990), "Centralization and Development Planning: A Comparative Perspective", in Valk, P., and Wekwete, K. (Eds.), Decentralizing for Participatory Planning, Gower, Vermont, pp. 15-34.
Eade, D. (1997) Capacity-Building: An Approach to People-Centered Development, U.K.: Oxfam.
Gafar, J.D. (2003), "Rebuilding Iraq: Samples of Iraqi Reconstruction Efforts during the Period 1991-2002", in ESCWA, Report on the Workshop on Iraq and the Region after the War, Beirut, 9-11 July 2003, United Nations, New York, pp. 33-7.
Gaventa, J., and Blauert, J. (2000), "Learning to Change by Learning from Change: Going to Scale with Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation," in Estrella, M. (Ed.), Learning from Change: Issues and Experiences in Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation, Intermediate Technology, London, pp. 229-43.
Gonzalez, J. (1998), Development Sustainability Through Community Participation: Mixed Results from the Philippine Health Sector, Ashgate, Aldershot, England, pp. 10-1.
Green, G., and Haines, A. (2002), Asset Building & Community Development, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA.
Griffin, K., and McKinley, T. (1994), Implementing a Human development strategy, Macmillan, London, UK.
Gunning, J. (2004), "Peace with Hamas? The Transforming Potential of Political participation", International Affairs, Vol. 80, No. 2, pp. 233-55.
Hadidy, W. (2006), "Reflections of Participatory Development and Related Capacity-Building Needs in Egypt and the Arab Region People Land and Water," in Guy Bassette (ed.) Participatory Development Communication for Natural Resource Management, pp. 240-8, London: Earthscan.
Hailey, J. (2001) "Beyond the Formulaic: Process and Practice in South Asian NGOs," in Cooke, B., and Kothari, U. (eds.), Participation: The New Tyranny?, London: Zed Books, pp. 88-101.
Hanieh, A. (2002), "Class, Economy, and the Second Intifada", Monthly Review 54, no. 5, pp. 29-41.
IPR Strategic Business Information (24 May 2006).
Kanaan, O. (2002), "The Palestinian Authority: Friend or Foe of Private Investors," Middle East Policy, Vol. 9, p. 53-5.
Kapoor, I. (2001) "Towards participatory environmental management?," Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 63, pp. 269-79.
Kumar, S. (2002) Methods for Community Participation: A Complete Guide for Practitioners, London: IDTG Publishing.
Laub, K. (March 17, 2008) "Even Palestinian's Beloved Keffiyeh Feels the Heat of Chinese Imports," Associated Press.
Makumbe, J. (1996), Participatory Development: The Case of Zimbabwe, University of Zimbabwe Publications, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Max-Neef, M. (1992), "Development and Human Needs," in Ekins, P., and Max-Need, M. (Eds.), Real-Life Economics: Understanding Wealth Creation, Routledge, London, UK, pp. 197-214.
Mishal, S. (2003), "The Pragmatic Dimension of the Palestinian Hamas: A Network Perspective," Armed Forces & Society; Vol. 29 Issue 4, pp. 569-89.
Mohan, G., and Stokke, K. (2000), "Participatory Development and Empowerment: The Dangers of Localism," Third World Quarterly, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 247-68.
Morris, N. (2003) "A Comparative Analysis of the Diffusion and Participatory Models in Development Communication," Communication Theory, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 225-48.
Nelson, N., and S. Wright (1995), Power and Participatory Development, Theory and Practice, SRP, Exeter, UK.
Nolan, R. (2002) Development Anthropology: Encounters in the Real World, Westview, Boulder, CO.
Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (2008) "Population, Housing, and Establishment Census 2007, Palestinian National Authority, Ramallah, Palestine.
Pretty, J., and Ward, H. (2001), "Social Capital and the Environment", World Development, Vol. 29, No.2, pp. 209-27.
Pritchett, L., and Woolcock, M. (2003), "Solutions when the Solution is the Problem: Arraying the Disarray in Development", Center for Global Development – Working Paper Number 9, The World Bank, Washington, DC.
Prokopy, J., and Castelloe, P. (1999), "Participatory Development: Approaches From the Global South and the United States", Journal of the Community Development Society, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 213-31.
Prokopy, L. (2005) "The Relationship between Participation and Project Outcomes: Evidence from Rural Water Supply Projects in India," Development, vol. 33, no. 11, pp. 1801-19.
Racelis, M. (1992), "The United Nations Children's Fund: Experience with People's Participation", in Bhatnagar, B., and Williams, A. (Eds.), Participatory Development and the World Bank: Potential Directions for Change, No. 183, The World Bank, Washington, DC, pp. 59-67.
Reuters (4 February 2008) Amid Israeli Siege, Palestinian Businesses Look East to China."
Reuveny, R. (1999), "The Political Economy of Israeli-Palestinian Interdependence," Policy Studies Journal 27 No. 4, pp. 643-64.
Rist, G. (1997), The History of Development: From Western Origins to Global Faith, Zed Books, London and New York, pp. 134-6.
Roily, H. (2001), Participatory Planning of Sustainable Development Projects, Peter Lang, Frankfurt, Germany, p. 56.
Rondinelli, D. (1987), Development Administration and U.S. Foreign Aid Policy, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder, CO, p. 76.
Rondinelli, D. (ed.) (1993), Development Projects as Policy Experiments: An Adaptive Approach to Development Administration, Routledge, New York.
Roy, S. (2000), "The Transformation of Islamic NGOs in Palestine", Middle East Report, Spring, No. 214, pp. 24-6.
Roy, S. (2002), "Ending the Palestinian Economy," Middle East Policy, Vol. 9, Issue 4, p. 122 (44).
Samara, A. (2000), "Globalization, the Palestinian Economy, and the 'Peace Process'," Social Justice Vol. 27 No. 4, pp. 117-31.
Servaes, J. (1999), Communication for Development: One World, Multiple Cultures, Hampton Press, Cresskill, NJ.
Straus, D. (2002) How to Make Collaboration Work, San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publisher.
Symes, J., and Jasser, S. (2000), "Growing from the Grassroots: Building Participatory Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation Methods in PARC", in Marisol, E. (Ed.), Learning from Change: Issues and Experiences in Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation, Intermediate Technology Publications, London, UK, pp. 137-49.
Telhami, S. (2006), "In the Mideast, the Third way is a Myth", Washington Post, 17 February.
United Nations (2006), "Alliance of Civilizations: Final Report of the High-Level Group," New York, U.N., pp. 1-38.
United Nations (2007) "Occupied Palestinian Territory: Consolidated Appeals Process," United Nations, New York.
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (2008) "Report on UNCTAD assistance to the Palestinian People," Geneva: United Nations.
United Nations Millennium Project (2005) Investing in Development: A Practical Plan to Achieve the Millennium Development Goals, New York: Earthscan.
Uphoff, N. (1991), "Fitting Projects to People", in Cernea, M. (Ed.), Putting People First: Sociological Variables in Rural Development, The World Bank, Washington, DC, pp. 467-511.
Uphoff, N. (1992), Learning from Gal Oya: Possibilities for Participatory Development and Post-Newtonian Social Science, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY.
Uphoff, N., Esman, M., and Krishna, A. (1998), Reasons for Success: Learning from Instructive Experiences in Rural Development, Kumarian, West Hartford, CT.
Usher, G. (2004), "Hamas Takes the High Road," New Statesman, 12 July, pp. 30-31.
Van der Eb, C., Peddle, N., Buntin, M., Isenberg, D., Duncan, L., Everett, S., Glass, A., Keck, L., Millett, R., Mock, L., and Paul Molloy (2004) "Community Concerns About Participatory Research," in Jason, L., Keys, C., Suarez-Balcazar, Y., Taylor, Renée R., and Davis, M. (eds.), Participatory Community Research: Theories and Methods in Action, American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, pp. 221-6.
Von Braun, J., Gulati, A., Hazell, P., Rosegrant, M., and Ruel, M. (2005) "Indian Agriculture and Rural Development: Strategic Issues and Reform Options," International Food Policy Research Institute.
Williams, G. (2004), "Evaluating Participatory Development: Tyranny, Power and (Re)politicization", Third World Quarterly, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 557- 578.
Wilson, S. (2007), "Sealed Off by Israel, Gaza Reduced to Beggary", Washington Post, 15 December.
World Bank (2008) "Palestinian Economic Prospects: Aid, Access, and Reform – Economic Monitoring Report to the Ad Hoc Liaison Office," The World Bank, Washington, DC.

Comments

Comment on this article

[1] Abraham, A., and Platteau, J. (2002), Participatory Development in the Presence of Endogenous Community Imperfections, Department of Economics and CRED, University of Namur, Belgium.

[2] Acselrad, H. (1999), "Sustainability and Territory: Meaningful Practices and Material Transformations", in Becker, E., and Jahn, T. (Eds.), Sustainability and the Social Sciences: A Cross-Disciplinary Approach to Integrating Environmental Considerations into Theoretical Reorientation, Zed Books, New York, NY, pp. 37-58.

[3] Alternative Information Center (AIC) (18 March 2008) "The Right to Run Their Own Economy: AIC Policy Paper on Palestinian Trade."

[4] Arora, D. (1994) "From State Regulation to People's Participation: The Case of Forest Management in India", Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. XXIX, No. 23, 19 March, p. 693.

[5] Awa, N. (1996), "The Indigenous Farmer and the Scientific Researcher: Issues in Participatory Research in Africa", in Servaes, J., Jacobsen, T., and White, S. (Eds.), Participatory Communication for Social Change, Sage Publications, New Delhi, pp. 127-49.

[6] Barsalou, J. (2003), "Missing the Mark: Foreign aid to the Palestinians," Middle East Policy, Winter, Vol. 10, Issue 4, p. 48(9).

[7] Bhatnagar, B., and Williams, A. (1992), "Introduction," in Bhatnagar, B., and Williams, A. (Eds.), Participatory Development and the World Bank: Potential Directions for Change, No. 183 World Bank Discussion Papers, The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, Washington, DC, pp. 1-10.

[8] Binswanger, H. (1998), "Agricultural and Rural Development: Painful Lessons", in Eicher, C. and Staatz, J. (Eds.), International Agricultural Development, John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, pp. 287-99.

[9] Bond, R., Curran, J., Francis, P., Kirkpatrick, C., and Lee, N. (2001) "Integrated Impact Assessment for Sustainable Development: A Case Study Approach," World Development, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 1011-24, Elsevier Science.

[10] Bookchin, M. (1990), Remaking Society: Pathways to a Green Future, South End Press, Boston, MA.

[11] Brohman, J. (1996), Popular Development: Rethinking the Theory and Practice of Development, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, UK, pp. 218-9.

[12] Cernea, M. (1992), "The Building Blocks of Participation: Testing a Social Methodology", in Bhatnagar, B., and Williams, A. (Eds.), Participatory Development and the World Bank: Potential Directions for Change, No. 183 World Bank Discussion Papers, The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, Washington, DC, pp. 96-108.

[13] Chambers, R. (2005), Ideas for Development, Earthscan, London, UK.

[14] Cheater, A. (Ed.) (1999), The Anthropology of Power: Empowerment and Disempowerment in Changing Structures (ASA Monographs 35), Routledge, London and New York.

[15] Conyers, D. (1990), "Centralization and Development Planning: A Comparative Perspective", in Valk, P., and Wekwete, K. (Eds.), Decentralizing for Participatory Planning, Gower, Vermont, pp. 15-34.

[16] Eade, D. (1997) Capacity-Building: An Approach to People-Centered Development, U.K.: Oxfam.

[17] Gafar, J.D. (2003), "Rebuilding Iraq: Samples of Iraqi Reconstruction Efforts during the Period 1991-2002", in ESCWA, Report on the Workshop on Iraq and the Region after the War, Beirut, 9-11 July 2003, United Nations, New York, pp. 33-7.

[18] Gaventa, J., and Blauert, J. (2000), "Learning to Change by Learning from Change: Going to Scale with Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation," in Estrella, M. (Ed.), Learning from Change: Issues and Experiences in Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation, Intermediate Technology, London, pp. 229-43.

[19] Gonzalez, J. (1998), Development Sustainability Through Community Participation: Mixed Results from the Philippine Health Sector, Ashgate, Aldershot, England, pp. 10-1.

[20] Green, G., and Haines, A. (2002), Asset Building & Community Development, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA.

[21] Griffin, K., and McKinley, T. (1994), Implementing a Human development strategy, Macmillan, London, UK.

[22] Gunning, J. (2004), "Peace with Hamas? The Transforming Potential of Political participation", International Affairs, Vol. 80, No. 2, pp. 233-55.

[23] Hadidy, W. (2006), "Reflections of Participatory Development and Related Capacity-Building Needs in Egypt and the Arab Region People Land and Water," in Guy Bassette (ed.) Participatory Development Communication for Natural Resource Management, pp. 240-8, London: Earthscan.

[24] Hailey, J. (2001) "Beyond the Formulaic: Process and Practice in South Asian NGOs," in Cooke, B., and Kothari, U. (eds.), Participation: The New Tyranny?, London: Zed Books, pp. 88-101.

[25] Hanieh, A. (2002), "Class, Economy, and the Second Intifada", Monthly Review 54, no. 5, pp. 29-41.

[26] IPR Strategic Business Information (24 May 2006).

[27] Kanaan, O. (2002), "The Palestinian Authority: Friend or Foe of Private Investors," Middle East Policy, Vol. 9, p. 53-5.

[28] Kapoor, I. (2001) "Towards participatory environmental management?," Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 63, pp. 269-79.

[29] Kumar, S. (2002) Methods for Community Participation: A Complete Guide for Practitioners, London: IDTG Publishing.

[30] Laub, K. (March 17, 2008) "Even Palestinian's Beloved Keffiyeh Feels the Heat of Chinese Imports," Associated Press.

[31] Makumbe, J. (1996), Participatory Development: The Case of Zimbabwe, University of Zimbabwe Publications, Harare, Zimbabwe.

[32] Max-Neef, M. (1992), "Development and Human Needs," in Ekins, P., and Max-Need, M. (Eds.), Real-Life Economics: Understanding Wealth Creation, Routledge, London, UK, pp. 197-214.

[33] Mishal, S. (2003), "The Pragmatic Dimension of the Palestinian Hamas: A Network Perspective," Armed Forces & Society; Vol. 29 Issue 4, pp. 569-89.

[34] Mohan, G., and Stokke, K. (2000), "Participatory Development and Empowerment: The Dangers of Localism," Third World Quarterly, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 247-68.

[35] Morris, N. (2003) "A Comparative Analysis of the Diffusion and Participatory Models in Development Communication," Communication Theory, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 225-48.

[36] Nelson, N., and S. Wright (1995), Power and Participatory Development, Theory and Practice, SRP, Exeter, UK.

[37] Nolan, R. (2002) Development Anthropology: Encounters in the Real World, Westview, Boulder, CO.

[38] Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (2008) "Population, Housing, and Establishment Census 2007, Palestinian National Authority, Ramallah, Palestine.

[39] Pretty, J., and Ward, H. (2001), "Social Capital and the Environment", World Development, Vol. 29, No.2, pp. 209-27.

[40] Pritchett, L., and Woolcock, M. (2003), "Solutions when the Solution is the Problem: Arraying the Disarray in Development", Center for Global Development – Working Paper Number 9, The World Bank, Washington, DC.

[41] Prokopy, J., and Castelloe, P. (1999), "Participatory Development: Approaches From the Global South and the United States", Journal of the Community Development Society, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 213-31.

[42] Prokopy, L. (2005) "The Relationship between Participation and Project Outcomes: Evidence from Rural Water Supply Projects in India," Development, vol. 33, no. 11, pp. 1801-19.

[43] Racelis, M. (1992), "The United Nations Children's Fund: Experience with People's Participation", in Bhatnagar, B., and Williams, A. (Eds.), Participatory Development and the World Bank: Potential Directions for Change, No. 183, The World Bank, Washington, DC, pp. 59-67.

[44] Reuters (4 February 2008) Amid Israeli Siege, Palestinian Businesses Look East to China."

[45] Reuveny, R. (1999), "The Political Economy of Israeli-Palestinian Interdependence," Policy Studies Journal 27 No. 4, pp. 643-64.

[46] Rist, G. (1997), The History of Development: From Western Origins to Global Faith, Zed Books, London and New York, pp. 134-6.

[47] Roily, H. (2001), Participatory Planning of Sustainable Development Projects, Peter Lang, Frankfurt, Germany, p. 56.

[48] Rondinelli, D. (1987), Development Administration and U.S. Foreign Aid Policy, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder, CO, p. 76.

[49] Rondinelli, D. (ed.) (1993), Development Projects as Policy Experiments: An Adaptive Approach to Development Administration, Routledge, New York.

[50] Roy, S. (2000), "The Transformation of Islamic NGOs in Palestine", Middle East Report, Spring, No. 214, pp. 24-6.

[51] Roy, S. (2002), "Ending the Palestinian Economy," Middle East Policy, Vol. 9, Issue 4, p. 122 (44).

[52] Samara, A. (2000), "Globalization, the Palestinian Economy, and the 'Peace Process'," Social Justice Vol. 27 No. 4, pp. 117-31.

[53] Servaes, J. (1999), Communication for Development: One World, Multiple Cultures, Hampton Press, Cresskill, NJ.

[54] Straus, D. (2002) How to Make Collaboration Work, San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publisher.

[55] Symes, J., and Jasser, S. (2000), "Growing from the Grassroots: Building Participatory Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation Methods in PARC", in Marisol, E. (Ed.), Learning from Change: Issues and Experiences in Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation, Intermediate Technology Publications, London, UK, pp. 137-49.

[56] Telhami, S. (2006), "In the Mideast, the Third way is a Myth", Washington Post, 17 February.

[57] United Nations (2006), "Alliance of Civilizations: Final Report of the High-Level Group," New York, U.N., pp. 1-38.

[58] United Nations (2007) "Occupied Palestinian Territory: Consolidated Appeals Process," United Nations, New York.

[59] United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (2008) "Report on UNCTAD assistance to the Palestinian People," Geneva: United Nations.

[60] United Nations Millennium Project (2005) Investing in Development: A Practical Plan to Achieve the Millennium Development Goals, New York: Earthscan.

[61] Uphoff, N. (1991), "Fitting Projects to People", in Cernea, M. (Ed.), Putting People First: Sociological Variables in Rural Development, The World Bank, Washington, DC, pp. 467-511.

[62] Uphoff, N. (1992), Learning from Gal Oya: Possibilities for Participatory Development and Post-Newtonian Social Science, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY.

[63] Uphoff, N., Esman, M., and Krishna, A. (1998), Reasons for Success: Learning from Instructive Experiences in Rural Development, Kumarian, West Hartford, CT.

[64] Usher, G. (2004), "Hamas Takes the High Road," New Statesman, 12 July, pp. 30-31.

[65] Van der Eb, C., Peddle, N., Buntin, M., Isenberg, D., Duncan, L., Everett, S., Glass, A., Keck, L., Millett, R., Mock, L., and Paul Molloy (2004) "Community Concerns About Participatory Research," in Jason, L., Keys, C., Suarez-Balcazar, Y., Taylor, Renée R., and Davis, M. (eds.), Participatory Community Research: Theories and Methods in Action, American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, pp. 221-6.

[66] Von Braun, J., Gulati, A., Hazell, P., Rosegrant, M., and Ruel, M. (2005) "Indian Agriculture and Rural Development: Strategic Issues and Reform Options," International Food Policy Research Institute.

[67] Williams, G. (2004), "Evaluating Participatory Development: Tyranny, Power and (Re)politicization", Third World Quarterly, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 557- 578.

[68] Wilson, S. (2007), "Sealed Off by Israel, Gaza Reduced to Beggary", Washington Post, 15 December.

[69] World Bank (2008) "Palestinian Economic Prospects: Aid, Access, and Reform – Economic Monitoring Report to the Ad Hoc Liaison Office," The World Bank, Washington, DC.

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SOVEREIGNTY THROUGH DECENTRALIZATION: COMMUNITY-LEVEL APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT IN PALESTINE

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