CONTINUITY OF CHANGE IN TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY UNDER THE JDP GOVERNMENT: THE CASES OF BILATERAL RELATIONS WITH ISRAEL AND SYRIA

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Volume 34, Issue 4

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CONTINUITY OF CHANGE IN TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY UNDER THE JDP GOVERNMENT: THE CASES OF BILATERAL RELATIONS WITH ISRAEL AND SYRIA

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Author(s): Kilic Bugra Kanat

Publication date (Print): 1 October 2012

Journal: Arab Studies Quarterly

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Journal ID (doi): 10.2307/j50005550

Title: Arab Studies Quarterly

Publisher: Pluto Journals

ISSN (Print): 02713519

Publication date (Print): 1 October 2012

Volume: 34

Issue: 4

Pages: 230-249

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DOI: 10.2307/41858710

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Ziya Öniş and Şuhnaz Yilmaz, "Between Europeanization and Euro-Asianismi Foreign Policy Activism in Turkey during the AKP Era," Turkish Studies 10:1 (March 2009), 7-24. Bülent Aras, "The Davutoğlu Era in Turkish Foreign Policy," Insight Turkey 11:3 (2009), 127-142; Bülent Aras and Rabia Karakaya-Polat, "Turkey and the Middle East: Frontiers of the New Geographic Imagination," Australian Journal of International Affairs 61:4 (2007), 471-488; Bülent Aras and Aylin Görener, "National Role Conceptions and Foreign Policy Orientation: The Ideational bases of the Justice and Development Party's Foreign Policy Activism in the Middle East," Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies 12:1 (2010), 73-92. Kilic Bugra Kanat "Ak Party's Foreign Policy: Is Turkey Turning Away from the West," Insight Turkey 2:1 (2010), 205-225. Phil Gordon and Omer Taspinar, Winning Turkey : How America, Europe, and Turkey Can Revive a Fading Partnership (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2008). W. Hale, "Turkey and the Middle East in the 'New Era'," Insight Turkey 11:3 (2009): 143-159. K. Kirişçi, "The Transformation of Turkish Foreign Policy: The Rise of the Trading State," New Perspectives on Turkey 40 (2009): 29-57.
T. Oğuzlu, "Middle Easternization of Turkey's Foreign Policy: Does Turkey Dissociate from the West?" Turkish Studies 9:1 (2008): 3-20.
Soner Çağaptay, "Preventing Turkey's Popular Slide Away from the West," Policy Watch, Washington Institute for Near Eastern Politics, 2006; available at http://www. Washingtoninstitute. org/templateC05.php?CID=2458. Soner Çağaptay, "Turkey at a Crossroads: Preserving Ankara's Western Orientation," Policy Focus #48, Washington Institute for Near Eastern Politics, 2005. Soner Çağaptay,"A Turkish Rapprochement with Middle East Rogue States," Policy Watch#825, Washington Institute for Near Eastern Politics, 2004. Soner Çağaptay, "Hamas Visits Ankara: The AKP Shifts Turkey's Role in the Middle East," Policy Watch #1081, Washington Institute for Near Eastern Politics, 2005. Robert L. Pollock, "Sick Man of Europe—Again," Wall Street Journal, February, 16, 2005. Efrahim Inbar, "Turkey Says Good Bye to Israel and the West," BESA Center Perspective Papers, No. 108 (2010).
Omer Taspinar, "Turkey's Middle East Policies: Between Neo-Ottomanism and Kemalism," Carnegie Paper, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2008.
Bülent Aras, "The Davutoglu Era in Turkish Foreign Policy," Insight Turkey 11:3 (2009), 127-142.
Kanat, "Ak Party's Foreign Policy."
Graham E. Fuller and Ian O. Lesse, eds., Turkey's New Geopolitics (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1993). Andrew Mango, Turkey: The Challenge of a New Role (Westport: Praeger, 1994). Yasemin Celik, Contemporary Turkish Foreign Policy (Westport: Praeger, 1999). Sabri Sayari, "Turkish Foreign Policy in the Post-Cold War Era: The Challenges of Multi-Regionalism," Journal of International Affairs 54:1 (Fall 2000). Malik Muftu, "Daring and Caution in Turkish Foreign Policy," Middle East Journal (Winter 1998), 32-50. Henri J. Barkey, ed., Reluctant Neighbor: Turkey's Role in the Middle East (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace, 1996). Kemal Kirisci, "Post-Cold War Turkish Security and the Middle East," Middle East Review of International Affairs 1:2 (July 1997).
William Hale, "Turkey, the Middle East and the Gulf Crisis," International Affairs (Spring 1992), 679-693.
J. Brown, "Turkey and the Persian Gulf Crisis," Mediterranean Quarterly 2:2 (Spring 1991). Sabri Sayari, "Turkey: The Changing European Security Environment and the Gulf Crisis," Middle East Journal 46:1 (Winter 1991), 9-21.
Bülent Aras and Hasan Köni, "Turkish- Syrian Relations Revisited," Arab Studies Quarterly 24:2 (2002), 47-60. Muhammad Muslih, "Syria and Turkey: Uneasy Relations," in Reluctant Neighbor, ed. Henri J. Barkey (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1996), 113-129. Robert Olson, "Turkey-Syria Relations Since the Gulf War: Kurds and Water," Middle East Policy 5:2 (1997): 168-193. Meliha Benli Altunisik and Ozlem Tur, "From Distant Neighbors to Partners? Changing Syrian-Turkish Relations," Security Dialogue 37 (2006): 229-250.
Ofra Bengio, Turkish-Israeli Relationship: Changing Ties of the Middle Eastern Outsiders (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004).
Efraim Inbar, "The Resilience of Israeli-Turkish Relations," Israel Affairs 11:4 (2005), 591-607. Sergey Minasian, "The Turkish- Israeli Military and Political Cooperation and Regional Security Issues," Iran and the Caucasus 7:1-2 (2003), 309-326. Gökhan Bacik, "The Limits of an Alliance: Turkish-Israeli Relations Revisited," Arab Studies Quarterly 23:3 (2001), 49-63. Çevik Bir and Martin Sherman, "Formula for Stability: Turkey plus Israel," The Middle East Quarterly 9:4 (2002). Ayçegiil Sever, "Turkey and the Syrian-Israeli Peace Talks in the 1990s," Middle East Review of International Affairs 5:3 (2001). Ofra Bengio, "Turkey and Israel in the Aftermath of the Gaza War: Relations at a Crossroad?" Telaviv Notes: An Update on Middle Eastern Developments by the Moshe Dayan Center, 2009. Bengio, Turkish-Israeli Relationship. Meliha Altuniçik, "The Turkish-Israeli Rapprochement in the Post-Cold War Era," Middle Eastern Studies 36:2 (2000): 172-191. Suha Bolukbasi, "Behind the Turkish-Israeli Alliance: A Turkish View," Journal of Palestine Studies (Autumn 1999), 101-105. Mahmut Bali Aykan, "The Turkey-U.S.-Israel Triangle: Continuity, Change, and Implications for Turkey's Post-Cold War Middle East Policy," Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies 22:4 (Summer 1999).
Turel Yilmaz, Turkiye Israil Yakinslasmasi (Ankara: Imaj Yayinevi, 2001). Gencer Ozcan, Turkiye Israil Iliskilerinde Donusum: Guvenligin Otesi (Istanbul: Tesev Yayinlari, 2005).
Inbar, "The Resilience of Israeli-Turkish Relations." Bir and Sherman, "Formula for Stability." Ozcan, Turkiye Israil Iliskilerinde Donusum.
Mahmut Bali Aykan, "The Turkish-Syrian Crisis of October 1998: A Turkish View," Middle East Policy 6:4(1999): 174-191.
Zahide Tuba Kor, "A Turning Point in Turkish-Syrian Relations: The Ocalan Crisis," MA Thesis, Marmara University Department of Political Science and International Relations, 2007.
Altunisik and Tur, "From Distant Neighbors to Partners?"
Gencer Ozcan, "2000 Almanak. Turkiye ve Ortadogu"; http://dosyalar.hurriyet.com. tr/dosya/almanak/diplomasi/diplomasi24.htm
Altunisik and Tur, "From Distant Neighbors to Partners?"
Ahmet Necdet Sezer, "16. ISEDAK Toplantisi'nin acilisinda yaptigi konusma"; http://www.cankaya.gov.tr/KONUSMALAR/25.10.2000-127. Bacik, "The Limits of An Alliance."
http://www.washingtonin- stitute.org/documents/44edfla5d337f.pdf
"Ege'de Fuze Krizi Kapida," Radikal Gazetesi, Dis Haberler, March 8, 1999; http:// www.radikal.com.tr/1999/03/08/dis/ege.html
Ahmet Davutoglu, "Turkey's Zero Problems Policy," Foreign Policy, May 20, 2010. Ahmet Davutoglu, "Turkey's Foreign Policy Vision: An Assessment of 2007," Insight Turkey 10: 1 (2008), 77-96.
Bulent Aras, "Davutoglu Era in Turkish Foreign Policy," SETA Policy Brief, 2009.
Kanat, "Ak Party's Foreign Policy."
"2002-11-18 Erdogan-simitis Ortak Basin Toplantisi—1 retrieved from http://www.abgs.gov.tr/ index.php?1l=1 &p=23202
Today's Zaman, March 2, 2007 ; http://beta.todayszaman.com/news-104287-turkey- confirms-senior-envoy-to-attend-baghdad-meeting-of-iraqs-neighbors.html
Ozlem Tur, "Turkish-Syrian Relations: Where Are We Going?" UNISCI Discussion Papers, May 2010.
Ibid.
Turan Tolga, "Turkish Foreign Policy Towards Israel: The Implications of Turkey's Relations with the West," MSc Thesis, Middle East Technical University Graduate School of Social Sciences, 2008.
Ufiik Ulutas, "Turkey-Israel: A Fluctuating Alliance," SETA Policy Brief, 2010; retrieved from http://setadc.org/policy-briefs/220-turkey-israel-a-fluctuating-alliance-by-ufuk-ulutas
Ibid.
Bulent Aras, "Turkey between Syria and Israel: Turkey's Rising Soft Power," SETA Policy Brief, 2008.
Nikolaos Raptoupoulos, "Rediscovering its Arab Neighbors? The AKP Imprint on Turkish Foreign Policy in the Middle East," Les Cahiers du RMES, July 1, 2004.
"Number of Israeli Tourists to Turkey Plummeted," Global Travel Industry News, 2010; retrieved from http://www.eturbonews.eom/17718/number-israeli-tourists-turkey-plummets
Ulutas, "Turkey-Israel: A Fluctuating Alliance."

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[1] Ziya Öniş and Şuhnaz Yilmaz, "Between Europeanization and Euro-Asianismi Foreign Policy Activism in Turkey during the AKP Era," Turkish Studies 10:1 (March 2009), 7-24. Bülent Aras, "The Davutoğlu Era in Turkish Foreign Policy," Insight Turkey 11:3 (2009), 127-142; Bülent Aras and Rabia Karakaya-Polat, "Turkey and the Middle East: Frontiers of the New Geographic Imagination," Australian Journal of International Affairs 61:4 (2007), 471-488; Bülent Aras and Aylin Görener, "National Role Conceptions and Foreign Policy Orientation: The Ideational bases of the Justice and Development Party's Foreign Policy Activism in the Middle East," Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies 12:1 (2010), 73-92. Kilic Bugra Kanat "Ak Party's Foreign Policy: Is Turkey Turning Away from the West," Insight Turkey 2:1 (2010), 205-225. Phil Gordon and Omer Taspinar, Winning Turkey : How America, Europe, and Turkey Can Revive a Fading Partnership (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2008). W. Hale, "Turkey and the Middle East in the 'New Era'," Insight Turkey 11:3 (2009): 143-159. K. Kirişçi, "The Transformation of Turkish Foreign Policy: The Rise of the Trading State," New Perspectives on Turkey 40 (2009): 29-57.

[2] T. Oğuzlu, "Middle Easternization of Turkey's Foreign Policy: Does Turkey Dissociate from the West?" Turkish Studies 9:1 (2008): 3-20.

[3] Soner Çağaptay, "Preventing Turkey's Popular Slide Away from the West," Policy Watch, Washington Institute for Near Eastern Politics, 2006; available at http://www. Washingtoninstitute. org/templateC05.php?CID=2458. Soner Çağaptay, "Turkey at a Crossroads: Preserving Ankara's Western Orientation," Policy Focus #48, Washington Institute for Near Eastern Politics, 2005. Soner Çağaptay,"A Turkish Rapprochement with Middle East Rogue States," Policy Watch#825, Washington Institute for Near Eastern Politics, 2004. Soner Çağaptay, "Hamas Visits Ankara: The AKP Shifts Turkey's Role in the Middle East," Policy Watch #1081, Washington Institute for Near Eastern Politics, 2005. Robert L. Pollock, "Sick Man of Europe—Again," Wall Street Journal, February, 16, 2005. Efrahim Inbar, "Turkey Says Good Bye to Israel and the West," BESA Center Perspective Papers, No. 108 (2010).

[4] Omer Taspinar, "Turkey's Middle East Policies: Between Neo-Ottomanism and Kemalism," Carnegie Paper, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2008.

[5] Bülent Aras, "The Davutoglu Era in Turkish Foreign Policy," Insight Turkey 11:3 (2009), 127-142.

[6] Kanat, "Ak Party's Foreign Policy."

[7] Graham E. Fuller and Ian O. Lesse, eds., Turkey's New Geopolitics (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1993). Andrew Mango, Turkey: The Challenge of a New Role (Westport: Praeger, 1994). Yasemin Celik, Contemporary Turkish Foreign Policy (Westport: Praeger, 1999). Sabri Sayari, "Turkish Foreign Policy in the Post-Cold War Era: The Challenges of Multi-Regionalism," Journal of International Affairs 54:1 (Fall 2000). Malik Muftu, "Daring and Caution in Turkish Foreign Policy," Middle East Journal (Winter 1998), 32-50. Henri J. Barkey, ed., Reluctant Neighbor: Turkey's Role in the Middle East (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace, 1996). Kemal Kirisci, "Post-Cold War Turkish Security and the Middle East," Middle East Review of International Affairs 1:2 (July 1997).

[8] William Hale, "Turkey, the Middle East and the Gulf Crisis," International Affairs (Spring 1992), 679-693.

[9] J. Brown, "Turkey and the Persian Gulf Crisis," Mediterranean Quarterly 2:2 (Spring 1991). Sabri Sayari, "Turkey: The Changing European Security Environment and the Gulf Crisis," Middle East Journal 46:1 (Winter 1991), 9-21.

[10] Bülent Aras and Hasan Köni, "Turkish- Syrian Relations Revisited," Arab Studies Quarterly 24:2 (2002), 47-60. Muhammad Muslih, "Syria and Turkey: Uneasy Relations," in Reluctant Neighbor, ed. Henri J. Barkey (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1996), 113-129. Robert Olson, "Turkey-Syria Relations Since the Gulf War: Kurds and Water," Middle East Policy 5:2 (1997): 168-193. Meliha Benli Altunisik and Ozlem Tur, "From Distant Neighbors to Partners? Changing Syrian-Turkish Relations," Security Dialogue 37 (2006): 229-250.

[11] Ofra Bengio, Turkish-Israeli Relationship: Changing Ties of the Middle Eastern Outsiders (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004).

[12] Efraim Inbar, "The Resilience of Israeli-Turkish Relations," Israel Affairs 11:4 (2005), 591-607. Sergey Minasian, "The Turkish- Israeli Military and Political Cooperation and Regional Security Issues," Iran and the Caucasus 7:1-2 (2003), 309-326. Gökhan Bacik, "The Limits of an Alliance: Turkish-Israeli Relations Revisited," Arab Studies Quarterly 23:3 (2001), 49-63. Çevik Bir and Martin Sherman, "Formula for Stability: Turkey plus Israel," The Middle East Quarterly 9:4 (2002). Ayçegiil Sever, "Turkey and the Syrian-Israeli Peace Talks in the 1990s," Middle East Review of International Affairs 5:3 (2001). Ofra Bengio, "Turkey and Israel in the Aftermath of the Gaza War: Relations at a Crossroad?" Telaviv Notes: An Update on Middle Eastern Developments by the Moshe Dayan Center, 2009. Bengio, Turkish-Israeli Relationship. Meliha Altuniçik, "The Turkish-Israeli Rapprochement in the Post-Cold War Era," Middle Eastern Studies 36:2 (2000): 172-191. Suha Bolukbasi, "Behind the Turkish-Israeli Alliance: A Turkish View," Journal of Palestine Studies (Autumn 1999), 101-105. Mahmut Bali Aykan, "The Turkey-U.S.-Israel Triangle: Continuity, Change, and Implications for Turkey's Post-Cold War Middle East Policy," Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies 22:4 (Summer 1999).

[13] Turel Yilmaz, Turkiye Israil Yakinslasmasi (Ankara: Imaj Yayinevi, 2001). Gencer Ozcan, Turkiye Israil Iliskilerinde Donusum: Guvenligin Otesi (Istanbul: Tesev Yayinlari, 2005).

[14] Inbar, "The Resilience of Israeli-Turkish Relations." Bir and Sherman, "Formula for Stability." Ozcan, Turkiye Israil Iliskilerinde Donusum.

[15] Mahmut Bali Aykan, "The Turkish-Syrian Crisis of October 1998: A Turkish View," Middle East Policy 6:4(1999): 174-191.

[16] Zahide Tuba Kor, "A Turning Point in Turkish-Syrian Relations: The Ocalan Crisis," MA Thesis, Marmara University Department of Political Science and International Relations, 2007.

[17] Altunisik and Tur, "From Distant Neighbors to Partners?"

[18] Gencer Ozcan, "2000 Almanak. Turkiye ve Ortadogu"; http://dosyalar.hurriyet.com. tr/dosya/almanak/diplomasi/diplomasi24.htm

[19] Altunisik and Tur, "From Distant Neighbors to Partners?"

[20] Ahmet Necdet Sezer, "16. ISEDAK Toplantisi'nin acilisinda yaptigi konusma"; http://www.cankaya.gov.tr/KONUSMALAR/25.10.2000-127. Bacik, "The Limits of An Alliance."

[21] http://www.washingtonin- stitute.org/documents/44edfla5d337f.pdf

[22] "Ege'de Fuze Krizi Kapida," Radikal Gazetesi, Dis Haberler, March 8, 1999; http:// www.radikal.com.tr/1999/03/08/dis/ege.html

[23] Ahmet Davutoglu, "Turkey's Zero Problems Policy," Foreign Policy, May 20, 2010. Ahmet Davutoglu, "Turkey's Foreign Policy Vision: An Assessment of 2007," Insight Turkey 10: 1 (2008), 77-96.

[24] Bulent Aras, "Davutoglu Era in Turkish Foreign Policy," SETA Policy Brief, 2009.

[25] Kanat, "Ak Party's Foreign Policy."

[26] "2002-11-18 Erdogan-simitis Ortak Basin Toplantisi—1 retrieved from http://www.abgs.gov.tr/ index.php?1l=1 &p=23202

[27] Today's Zaman, March 2, 2007 ; http://beta.todayszaman.com/news-104287-turkey- confirms-senior-envoy-to-attend-baghdad-meeting-of-iraqs-neighbors.html

[28] Ozlem Tur, "Turkish-Syrian Relations: Where Are We Going?" UNISCI Discussion Papers, May 2010.

[29] Ibid.

[30] Turan Tolga, "Turkish Foreign Policy Towards Israel: The Implications of Turkey's Relations with the West," MSc Thesis, Middle East Technical University Graduate School of Social Sciences, 2008.

[31] Ufiik Ulutas, "Turkey-Israel: A Fluctuating Alliance," SETA Policy Brief, 2010; retrieved from http://setadc.org/policy-briefs/220-turkey-israel-a-fluctuating-alliance-by-ufuk-ulutas

[32] Ibid.

[33] Bulent Aras, "Turkey between Syria and Israel: Turkey's Rising Soft Power," SETA Policy Brief, 2008.

[34] Nikolaos Raptoupoulos, "Rediscovering its Arab Neighbors? The AKP Imprint on Turkish Foreign Policy in the Middle East," Les Cahiers du RMES, July 1, 2004.

[35] "Number of Israeli Tourists to Turkey Plummeted," Global Travel Industry News, 2010; retrieved from http://www.eturbonews.eom/17718/number-israeli-tourists-turkey-plummets

[36] Ulutas, "Turkey-Israel: A Fluctuating Alliance."

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CONTINUITY OF CHANGE IN TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY UNDER THE JDP GOVERNMENT: THE CASES OF BILATERAL RELATIONS WITH ISRAEL AND SYRIA

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