THE PORTRAYAL OF THE EAST VS. THE WEST IN LADY MARY MONTAGU&apos;S &quot;LETTERS&quot; AND EMILY RUETE&apos;S &quot;MEMOIRS&quot;

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Volume 30, Issue 1

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THE PORTRAYAL OF THE EAST VS. THE WEST IN LADY MARY MONTAGU'S "LETTERS" AND EMILY RUETE'S "MEMOIRS"

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Author(s): Ahmed K. Al-Rawi

Publication date (Print): 1 January 2008

Journal: Arab Studies Quarterly

Publisher: Pluto Journals

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Journal ID (jstor): arabstudquar

Journal ID (doi): 10.2307/j50005550

Title: Arab Studies Quarterly

Publisher: Pluto Journals

ISSN (Print): 02713519

Publication date (Print): 1 January 2008

Volume: 30

Issue: 1

Pages: 15-30

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DOI: 10.2307/41859033

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ENDNOTES

Geoffrey P. Nash, From Empire to Orient : Travelers to the Middle East 1830-1926 (London: I. B. Tauris, 2005).
Albert Houráni, Western Attitudes Towards Islam (Southampton: The Tenth Montefiore Memorial Lecture, 1974).
E. Grislis, "Luther and the Turks", The Muslim World, Vol. LXIV, No. 3 (July 1974), pp. 180-193. Oxford English Dictionary Online, Draft Revision, March 2001,
Thomas Carlyle, The Correspondence of Thomas Carlyle and Ralph Waldo Emerson Vol. I (1834-1872) (New York: Biblio Bazaar, 2007).
Oxford English Dictionary Online, Second Edition 1989, Oxford English Dictionary Online, Draft Revision, March 2001,
Said Amir Arjomand, "Coffeehouses, Guilds and Oriental Despotism Government and Civil Society in Late 17th to Early 18th Century Istanbul and Isfahan, and as Seen from Paris and London," European Journal of Sociology, Vol. XLV, No. 1 (2004), 23-42.
Byron Porter Smith, Islam in English Literature (New York: Caravan Books, 1977).
A. Secor, "Orientalism, Gender and Class in Lady Mary Wortley Montagu's Turkish Embassy Letters: to persons of distinction, men of letters and c," Cultural Geographies, Vol. 6, Issue 4 (1999), 375-398.
Daniel Defoe, The Farther Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, Being the Second and Last Part of his Life , And Strange Surprizing Accounts of his Travels Round Three Parts of the Globe. Written by Himself. The Second Edition. To which is added a Map of the World, in which is Delineated the Voyages of Robinson Crusoe (London: W. Taylor, 1719).
Henry Fielding, The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews And His Friend Mr. Abraham Adams (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987). Grundy, "Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley (bap. 1689, d. 1762)," Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004, accessed 14 June 2007 <oxforddnb.com/view/article/19029>.
James Boswell, Life of Johnson (London: Oxford University Press, 1998).
Mary Wortley Montagu, Letters (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1984).
Emily Ruete, Memoirs of an Arabian Princess from Zanzibar (New York: Markus Wiener Publishing, 1989).
John Dry den, The Works of John Dryden: Illustrated with Notes, Historical, Critical, and Explanatory and a Life of the Author Vol. VII (London: William Miller, 1808). Smith, Islam in English Literature.
Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (London: Penguin Classics, 2004).
Edward Raymond Turner, "The Women's Suffrage Movement in England," The American Political Science Review, Vol. 7, No. 4 (November 1913), 588-609.
Srinivas Aravamudan, "Lady Mary Wortley Montagu in the Hammam: Masquerade, Womanliness, and Levantinization," ELH, Vol. 62, No. 1 (1995), 69-104.
Wollstonecraft, A Vindication.
30 Al-Rüm (The Greeks): 21 Mustapha Al-Saba'ai, Al-Mara'aa Bain Al-Fiqah Wa Al- Qanoon (The Woman Between Law and Islamic Legislation) (Beirut: Al- Maktab Al-Islami, n.d.).
G. M. Wickens, "Introduction to the Middle East" in R. M. Savory, ed., Introduction to Islamic Civilization (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976).
Henry Charles Carey, The Slave Trade: Why it Exists, and How it May Be Extinguished (Philadelphia: H. C. Baird, 1867).
Johann Ludwig Burckhardt, Travels in Arabia Comprehending an Account of those Territories in Hedjaz which the Mohammedans Regards as Sacred (London: Henry Colburn, 1829). Stanley Lane-Poole, "Burckhardt, Johann Ludwig (1784-1817)," rev. Elizabeth Baigent, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , Oxford University Press, 2004, accessed 10 June 2007, <http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/3957>.
Burckhardt, Travels in Arabia.
Richard F. Burton, Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al- Madinah & Meccah, Vol. I, Edited by Isabel Burton, Memorial Edition (London: Tylston and Edwards, 1893). Similarly, Dr. Alexander Russell, who worked as a physician to the British factory at Aleppo, stated in his The Natural History of Aleppo (1756) Smith, Islam in English Literature.
"Imam of Maskat," at that time, Sayyid Faisal bin Turki (1864-1913) Burton, Personal Narrative, Howard Hazen Wilson, "Some Principal Aspects of British Efforts to Crush the African Slave Trade, 1807-1929," The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 44, No. 3 (July 1950), 505-526. Moses D. E. Nwulia, "The Role of Missionaries in the Emancipation of Slaves in Zanzibar." The Journal of Negro History, Vol. 60, No. 2 (April 1975), 268-287.
Philip Hitti, The Arabs (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1943).
Arjomand, "Coffeehouses, Guilds and Oriental Despotism." And n.a., "Early Notices of Coffee in England: From Broadsides in the Luttrel Collection," accessed 7 June 2007. <http://www.thebookofdavs.com/months/ ian/27.htm>. Thomas Babington Macaulay, The History of England from the Accession of James II, Vol. 1 (Philadelphia: Porter & Coates, 1848).
John Potvin, "Vapour and Steam: The Victorian Turkish Bath, Homosocial Health, and Male Bodies on Display," Journal of Design History, Vol. 18, No. 4 (2005), 319-333.
Norman Daniel, Islam, Europe and Empire (Edinburgh: University Press, 1962).
Arthur J. Weitzman, "Voyeurism and Aesthetics m the Turkish Bath: Lady Mary's School of Female Beauty", Comparative Literature Studies, Vol. 39, No. 4 (2002), 347-359.

Comments

Comment on this article

[1] Geoffrey P. Nash, From Empire to Orient : Travelers to the Middle East 1830-1926 (London: I. B. Tauris, 2005).

[2] Albert Houráni, Western Attitudes Towards Islam (Southampton: The Tenth Montefiore Memorial Lecture, 1974).

[3] E. Grislis, "Luther and the Turks", The Muslim World, Vol. LXIV, No. 3 (July 1974), pp. 180-193. Oxford English Dictionary Online, Draft Revision, March 2001,

[4] Thomas Carlyle, The Correspondence of Thomas Carlyle and Ralph Waldo Emerson Vol. I (1834-1872) (New York: Biblio Bazaar, 2007).

[5] Oxford English Dictionary Online, Second Edition 1989, Oxford English Dictionary Online, Draft Revision, March 2001,

[6] Said Amir Arjomand, "Coffeehouses, Guilds and Oriental Despotism Government and Civil Society in Late 17th to Early 18th Century Istanbul and Isfahan, and as Seen from Paris and London," European Journal of Sociology, Vol. XLV, No. 1 (2004), 23-42.

[7] Byron Porter Smith, Islam in English Literature (New York: Caravan Books, 1977).

[8] A. Secor, "Orientalism, Gender and Class in Lady Mary Wortley Montagu's Turkish Embassy Letters: to persons of distinction, men of letters and c," Cultural Geographies, Vol. 6, Issue 4 (1999), 375-398.

[9] Daniel Defoe, The Farther Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, Being the Second and Last Part of his Life , And Strange Surprizing Accounts of his Travels Round Three Parts of the Globe. Written by Himself. The Second Edition. To which is added a Map of the World, in which is Delineated the Voyages of Robinson Crusoe (London: W. Taylor, 1719).

[10] Henry Fielding, The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews And His Friend Mr. Abraham Adams (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987). Grundy, "Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley (bap. 1689, d. 1762)," Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004, accessed 14 June 2007 <oxforddnb.com/view/article/19029>.

[11] James Boswell, Life of Johnson (London: Oxford University Press, 1998).

[12] Mary Wortley Montagu, Letters (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1984).

[13] Emily Ruete, Memoirs of an Arabian Princess from Zanzibar (New York: Markus Wiener Publishing, 1989).

[14] John Dry den, The Works of John Dryden: Illustrated with Notes, Historical, Critical, and Explanatory and a Life of the Author Vol. VII (London: William Miller, 1808). Smith, Islam in English Literature.

[15] Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (London: Penguin Classics, 2004).

[16] Edward Raymond Turner, "The Women's Suffrage Movement in England," The American Political Science Review, Vol. 7, No. 4 (November 1913), 588-609.

[17] Srinivas Aravamudan, "Lady Mary Wortley Montagu in the Hammam: Masquerade, Womanliness, and Levantinization," ELH, Vol. 62, No. 1 (1995), 69-104.

[18] Wollstonecraft, A Vindication.

[19] 30 Al-Rüm (The Greeks): 21 Mustapha Al-Saba'ai, Al-Mara'aa Bain Al-Fiqah Wa Al- Qanoon (The Woman Between Law and Islamic Legislation) (Beirut: Al- Maktab Al-Islami, n.d.).

[20] G. M. Wickens, "Introduction to the Middle East" in R. M. Savory, ed., Introduction to Islamic Civilization (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976).

[21] Henry Charles Carey, The Slave Trade: Why it Exists, and How it May Be Extinguished (Philadelphia: H. C. Baird, 1867).

[22] Johann Ludwig Burckhardt, Travels in Arabia Comprehending an Account of those Territories in Hedjaz which the Mohammedans Regards as Sacred (London: Henry Colburn, 1829). Stanley Lane-Poole, "Burckhardt, Johann Ludwig (1784-1817)," rev. Elizabeth Baigent, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , Oxford University Press, 2004, accessed 10 June 2007, <http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/3957>.

[23] Burckhardt, Travels in Arabia.

[24] Richard F. Burton, Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al- Madinah & Meccah, Vol. I, Edited by Isabel Burton, Memorial Edition (London: Tylston and Edwards, 1893). Similarly, Dr. Alexander Russell, who worked as a physician to the British factory at Aleppo, stated in his The Natural History of Aleppo (1756) Smith, Islam in English Literature.

[25] "Imam of Maskat," at that time, Sayyid Faisal bin Turki (1864-1913) Burton, Personal Narrative, Howard Hazen Wilson, "Some Principal Aspects of British Efforts to Crush the African Slave Trade, 1807-1929," The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 44, No. 3 (July 1950), 505-526. Moses D. E. Nwulia, "The Role of Missionaries in the Emancipation of Slaves in Zanzibar." The Journal of Negro History, Vol. 60, No. 2 (April 1975), 268-287.

[26] Philip Hitti, The Arabs (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1943).

[27] Arjomand, "Coffeehouses, Guilds and Oriental Despotism." And n.a., "Early Notices of Coffee in England: From Broadsides in the Luttrel Collection," accessed 7 June 2007. <http://www.thebookofdavs.com/months/ ian/27.htm>. Thomas Babington Macaulay, The History of England from the Accession of James II, Vol. 1 (Philadelphia: Porter & Coates, 1848).

[28] John Potvin, "Vapour and Steam: The Victorian Turkish Bath, Homosocial Health, and Male Bodies on Display," Journal of Design History, Vol. 18, No. 4 (2005), 319-333.

[29] Norman Daniel, Islam, Europe and Empire (Edinburgh: University Press, 1962).

[30] Arthur J. Weitzman, "Voyeurism and Aesthetics m the Turkish Bath: Lady Mary's School of Female Beauty", Comparative Literature Studies, Vol. 39, No. 4 (2002), 347-359.