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British State Complicity in Genocide: Rwanda 1994
Abstract
This article presents a synopsis of detailed research and analysis of British foreign policy in the Great Lakes region of Africa from 1990 and throughout the period of the genocide in Rwanda in 1994. The study evidences that the rebel guerrilla force of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) was supported militarily and ideologically by the United Kingdom prior to its 1990 attack on Rwanda from Uganda; throughout the ensuing civil war in Rwanda between the RPF and the forces of the Government of Rwanda; and during the genocide and massacres of many thousands. The study confirms that the British government had a wealth of knowledge regarding insecurity and violence in Rwanda, and took a positive decision not to act to prevent or stop it, thereby omitting to fulfil its obligations in terms of the UN Convention on Genocide and International Law. It is suggested herein that the decision-making of the British government during the period 1990-94 advanced the interrelated goals of maintaining power status and ensuring economic interests in key areas of Africa, inferring a substantial degree of complicity in genocide by omission.
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Author and article information
Notes
Cameron (2012)
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide, December 9, 1948, 78 UNTs277, reprinted in 45 American Journal of International Law, 7 (1951).
Cable from Kampala to FCO London dated 8 October 1990: Copy in possession of author.
Interviews with former diplomatic staff, British Embassy, Kampala, 2006.
Cable from Kampala to FCO London dated 1 November 1990: Copy in possession of author.
Cable from British Embassy Kinshasa to FCO London dated 23 January 1991: Copy in possession of author.
Interview with British diplomat, 2006.
Oxfam Press Release, 22 January 1993: Copy in possession of author.
Cable from Washington to London, Kampala, Dar Es Salaam, Kinshasa, Addis Ababa, UKMIS New York 6 April 1994: Copy in possession of author.
Cable British Embassy Kampala to FCO London 7 April 1994: Copy in possession of author.
Cable British Embassy Kampala to FCO London 7 April 1994: Copy in possession of author.
Cable FCO London to British Embassy Kampala 7 April 1994: Copy in possession of author.
Cable British Embassy Kampala to FCO London 9 April 1994: Copy in possession of author.
Cable British Embassy Kampala to FCO London 13 April 1994: Copy in possession of author.
ICRC News No. 16/21 April 1994: Copy in possession of author.
Cable British Embassy Kampala to FCO London 21 April 1994: Copy in possession of author.
ICRC News No. 17/28 April 1994: Copy in possession of author.
Interviews in 2006 with members of the United Nations Security Council April 1994.
Interview in 2006 with former FCO staff.
Interview in 2006 with member of the British Cabinet of Major government 1994.
Interview in 2006 with former FCO staff.
Interview, 2006.
Interviews in 2006 with representatives to the UNSC 1994.
E/CN.4/1995/7.
Interviews in 2006 with members of the British Cabinet of Major government 1994.
Interview with UNAMIR Force Commander Dallaire, 2005.
Interview in 2006 with member of the British Cabinet of Major government 1994.
Interview in 2006 with former ambassador to UKMIS New York 1994.
Interview in 2006 with member of the British Cabinet of Major government 1994.
Interview in 2007 with senior member of 1994 British government.
Interviews in 2006 with members of the British Cabinet of Major government 1994.
Interview in 2006 with former FCO staff.
Interview in 2006 with member of the British Cabinet of Major government 1994.
Interview in 2006 with former ambassador to UKMIS New York 1994.