The Centro Memorial Dr Martin Luther King Jr is a well-known, but rarely examined nongovernmental organisation in Havana, Cuba. It seeks to go well beyond Paulo Freire's intent of empowering the powerless through popular education methodology by employing it to transform Cuban civil society into a Gramscian socialist civil society. This article examines the introduction of Gramsci's ideas about civil society to Cuba during the 'Special Period' and how they were appropriated and acclimated to the Cuban reality, though not without strong and continuing contention. It shows how, in the face of competing approaches to civil society -by the US government and the Cuban state - the Centre offers an alternative vision based on Gramscian civil society theory and popular education methodology creating a dynamic locus for change in Cuban contemporary society.
Martinez Heredia 2001: 373-85