The intertwining of excessive financialization and extreme inequality was undermining the foundations of the US economy prior to the recent crisis. Mainstream economists were unable to recognize the symptoms. This failure was a repetition of economists' prior failures during earlier economic crises. In the midst of these crises, the reputation of economics suffers, but each subsequent recovery revives their reputations and their confidence in the market. The article concludes by showing how a defective conception of capital prevents a proper understanding of economic processes.
Anon. (1933) "Economists on Trial," The Economist, 17 June, pp. 1291-1292.
Bagehot, Walter (1885) The Postulates of English Political Economy. New York and London: G. P. Putnam. Reprinted from Fortnightly Review, 1876, Vol. 21 o. s. (15 n.s.), No. 1 (February), pp. 215-242.
Davis, Joseph S. (1975) The World Between the Wars, 1919-39. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Dew-Becker, Ian, and Robert J. Gordon (2005) "Where Did the Productivity Growth Go? Inflation Dynamics and the Distribution of Income," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, No. 2: 67-127.
Henry, David (2005) "Corporate America's New Achilles' Heel," Business Week, March 28, pp. 32-33.
Hicks, John R. (1963) [1932] Theory of Wages. New York: St. Martin's Press.
Johnston, David Cay (2003) Perfectly Legal: The Covert Campaign to Rig Our Tax System to Benefit the Super Rich -and Cheat Everybody Else. New York: Portfolio.
Krugman, Paul (2002) "For Richer," New York Times Magazine, October 20.
Lewin, Tamar (2009) "23 Private College Presidents Made More Than $1 Million," New York Times, November 2. www.nytimes.com/2009/11/02/education/02college.html?_r=l&ref=education.
Perelman, Michael (1987) Karl Marx's Crises Theory: Labor, Scarcity and Fictitious Capital. New York: Praeger.
---(1999) The Natural Instability of Markets: Expectations, Increasing Returns and the Collapse of Markets. New York: St. Martin's Press.
---(2007) The Confiscation of American Prosperity: From Right-Wing Extremism and Economic Ideology to the Next Great Depression. New York: Palgrave.
Piketty, Thomas, and Emmanuel Saez (2006) "The Evolution of Top Incomes: A Historical and International Perspective," American Economic Review 96, 2 (May): 200-205. (The precise numbers used are found at http://elsa.berkeley.edu/~saez/TabAEA3.xls.)
Poor, Henry Varnum (1877) Money and Its Laws, Embracing a History of Monetary Theories and a History. London: C. Kegan Paul and Co.
Preinreich, Gabriel A. D. (1940) "The Economic Life of Industrial Equipment," Econometrica 8, 1 (January): 12-44.
President of the United States (2009) Economic Report of the President. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
Williamson, Jeffrey, and Peter H. Lindert (1980) American Inequality: A Macroeconomic History. New York: Academic Press.