THE ABSENT GEOPOLITICS OF PURE CAPITALISM

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THE ABSENT GEOPOLITICS OF PURE CAPITALISM

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Author(s): Radhika Desai

Publication date (Print): 1 October 2010

Journal: World Review of Political Economy

Publisher: Pluto Journals

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Abstract

The first Marxist theories of capitalist geopolitics emerged in the early 20th century as theories of imperialism and uneven and combined development. They were also the first theories of capitalist geopolitics. While they explained the intensification of imperialism through new interpénétrations of politics and economics in national states and economies, the revival of Marxist thinking about capitalist geopolitics in the English-speaking world in recent decades suffers from a pure, purely economic, conception of capitalism, uncontaminated by politics, by nation-states. It is, as a consequence, also a cosmopolitan conception of capitalism. In it the very object of study disappears. This article argues that it does so because so many Marxists have come to share the cosmopolitan biases of mainstream thinking by accepting the discourses of "globalization" and "empire" and shows how this is so in the case of two pioneers of the recent revival of Marxist geopolitical thinking, Justin Rosenberg and Benno Teschke.

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Journal ID (jstor): worlrevipoliecon

Journal ID (doi): 10.2307/j50005553

Title: World Review of Political Economy

Publisher: Pluto Journals

ISSN (Print): 2042891X

Publication date (Print): 1 October 2010

Volume: 1

Issue: 3

Pages: 463-484

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DOI: 10.2307/41931883

SO-VID: 7c4b0b80-cec7-4185-bf0c-93a1b61a4a85

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Political economics

References

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Bagchi, A. K. (2004) The Developmental State in History and in the Twentieth Century. New Delhi: Regency Publications.
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--- (2009c) "Keynes Redux: World Money after the 2008 Crisis," in W. Anthony and J. Guard, eds., Bailouts and Bankruptcies. Fernwood Press.
--- (ed.) (2009d) Developmental and Cultural Nationalisms. London: Routledge.
--- (2010) "Consumption Demand in Marx and the Current Crisis," Research in Political Economy, vol. 26.
--- (forthcoming 2011) Capitalist Geopolitics and its Cosmopolitan Myths: Dispelling "Globalization " and "Empire. " London: Pluto Press.
--- Deutsch, K. W. (1953) Nationalism and Social Communication: An Inquiry into the Foundations of Nationality. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
--- Deyo, F. C. (ed.) (1987) The Political Economy of the New Asian Industrialism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
--- Esping-Andersen, G. (1990) The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Cambridge: Polity.
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--- (1983) Nations and Nationalism. Oxford: Blackwell.
Gerschenkron, A. (1962) Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective: A Book of Essays. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Haggard, S. (1990) Pathways from the Periphery: The Politics of Growth in the Newly Industrializing Countries. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
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Hilferding, R. (1910/1981) Finance Capital: A Study of the Latest Phase of Capitalist Development. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Hirst, P. Q., and G. Thompson (1996) Globalization in Question: The International Economy and the Possibilities of Governance. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Hirst, P. Q., G. Thompson, and S. Bromley (2009) Globalization in Question, 3rd ed. Cambridge: Polity.
Hobsbawm, E. J. (1 994) Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century, 1914-1991. London: Michael Joseph.
Hobson, J. A. (1902/1968) Imperialism. A Study. (Third Entirely Revised and Reset Edition). London.
Huntington, S. (1988) "The US—Decline or Renewal?" Foreign Affairs, Winter.
Institute of Development Studies (IDS) (1985) Developmental States in East Asia: A Research Report to the Gatsby Charitable Foundation. Brighton: Institute of Development Studies.
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Jameson, F. (1998) The Cultural Turn. London: Verso.
Johnson, C. (1982) MITI and the Japanese Miracle: The Growth of Industrial Policy, 1925-1975. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Kedourie, E. (1960) Nationalism. London: Hutchinson.
Kindleberger, C. P. (1973) The World in Depression, 1929-1939. London: Allen Lane, The Penguin Press.
Kliman, A. (2007) Reclaiming Marx s Capital: A Refutation of the Myth of Inconsistency. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
Lenin, V. I. (1916/1978) Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism. Moscow: Progress Publishers.
Lewin, M. (2005) The Soviet Century. London: Verso.
List, F. (1856) National System of Political Economy. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott and Co.
Löwy, M. (1981) The Politics of Combined and Uneven Development: The Theory of Permanent Revolution. London: NLB.
Luce, H. (1999) "The American Century," Diplomatic History 23, 2 (Spring). Reprinted from Life, 1941.
Luxemburg, R. (1913/2003) The Accumulation of Capital. London: Routledge.
Mandel, E. (1978) Introduction. Karl Marx, Capital, Vol. II. London: Penguin and New Left Books.
Marsh, D., and R. A. W. Rhodes (1 992) Implementing Thatcherite Policies: Audit of an Era. Buckingham, England: Open University Press.
McNeill, W. (1988) "Toynbee Revisited," Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 41, 7 (April): 13-27.
Mayer, A. J. (1964) Wilson vs. Lenin: Political Origins of the New Diplomacy, 1917-1918. Cleveland, NY: World Pub. Co.
--- (1981) Persistence of the Old Regime: Europe to the Great War. New York: Pantheon Books.
Mehringer, H. (1978) Permanente Revolution und Russische Revolution. Die Entwicklung der Th eorie der permanenten Revolution im Rahmen der marxistischen Revolutionskonzeption 1848-1907. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
Milanović, B. (2005) Worlds Apart: Measuring International and Global Inequality. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
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Nimni, E. (1991) Marxism and Nationalism: Theoretical Origins of a Political Crisis. London: Pluto Press.
Panitch, L., and S. Gindin (2004) "Global Capitalism and American Empire," Socialist Register 2004. London: Merlin.
--- (2005) "Finance and American Empire," Socialist Register 2005. London: Merlin.
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--- (1996) "Issac Deutscher and the Lost History of International Relations," New Left Review I, 215 (Jan-Feb).
--- (2000) The Follies of Globalisation Theory: Polemical Essays. London: Verso.
--- (2005) "Globalization: A Post Mortem," International Politics 42: 2-74.
Sarkar, S. (2009) "Nationalism and Poverty: Discourses of Development and Culture in 20th Century India," in R. Desai, ed., Developmental and Cultural Nationalisms. London: Routledge.
Semmel, B. (1993) The Liberal Ideal and the Demons of Empire: Theories of Imperialism from Adam Smith to Lenin. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
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--- (2009) "Historicising the International: Modes of Foreign Relations and Political Economy," Deutscher Prize Lecture, School of Oriental and African Studies, London, November 27.
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--- (1980) The Modern World-System II: Mercantilism and the Consolidation of the European World- Economy, 1600-1750. New York: Academic Press.
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White, G. (1988) Developmental States in East Asia. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Woo-Cumings, M. (ed.) (1999) The Developmental State. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Wood, E. M. (1981) "The Separation of the Political and the Economic in Capitalism," New Left Review I, 127 (May/June).
--- (1992) The Pristine Culture of Capitalism: A Historical Essay on Old Regimes and Modern States. London: Verso.
--- (1999) "Unhappy Families: Global Capitalism in a World of Nation-States," Monthly Review , July-August.
Wu, G. (2009) "From Post-imperial to Late Communist Nationalism: Historical Change in Chinese Nationalism from May Fourth to the 1990s," in R. Desai, ed., Developmental and Cultural Nationalisms. London: Routledge.

Comments

Comment on this article

[1] Acton, Lord (1862/996) "Nationality," in Gopal Balakrishnan, ed., Mapping the Nation. London: Verso.

[2] Amsden, A. H. (1989) Asia's Next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrialization. New York: Oxford University Press.

[3] --- (2007) Escape from Empire: The Developing World s Journey through Heaven and Hell. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

[4] Anderson, B. R. O. (2006) Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, rev. ed. London: Verso.

[5] Anderson, P. (1987) "Figures of Descent," New Left Review 1, 161 (Jan-Feb).

[6] Angeli, N. (1909) The Great Illusion: A Study of the Relation of Military Power to National Advantage. London: William Heineman.

[7] Arrighi, G. (1994) The Long Twentieth Century: Money, Power and the Origins of Our Times. London: Verso.

[8] Bagchi, A. K. (2004) The Developmental State in History and in the Twentieth Century. New Delhi: Regency Publications.

[9] Bahro, R. (1978) The Alternative in Eastern Europe. London: NLB.

[10] Barker, J. (2009) "Beyond Bandung: Developmental Nationalism and (Multi)Cultural Nationalism in Indonesia," in R. Desai, ed., Developmental and Cultural Nationalisms. London: Routledge.

[11] Brenner, R. (2006) The Economics of Global Turbulence: The Advanced Capitalist Economies from Long Boom to Long Downturn, 1945-2005. London: Verso.

[12] Bukharin, N. I. (1917/2003) Imperialism and World Economy. London: Bookmarks.

[13] Bunton, M. (2009) "From Developmental Nationalism to the End of Nation-state in Iraq?" in R. Desai, ed., Developmental and Cultural Nationalisms. London: Routledge.

[14] Callinicos, A. (2009) Imperialism and Global Political Economy. Cambridge: Polity.

[15] Cambridge Review of International Affairs (CRIA) (2007) vol. 20, no. 4.

[16] Carr, E. H. (1939) The Twenty Years' Crisis 1919-1939. London: Macmillan and Co. Ltd.

[17] Chandler, D. (2003) "'International Justice'," in D. Archibugi, ed., Debating Cosmopolitics. London: Verso.

[18] Chang, H. (2002) Kicking Away the Ladder? Development Strategy in Historical Perspective. London: Anthem.

[19] Coates, D. (2000) Models of Capitalism: Growth and Stagnation in the Modern Era. Maiden, MA: Polity Press.

[20] Cumings, B. (1987) "The Political Economy of the New East Asian Industrialism," in Frederic Deyo, ed., The Political Economy of the New Asian Industrialism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

[21] Desai, R. (2007a) "The Last Empire? From Nation-Building Compulsion to Nation-Wrecking Futility and Beyond," Third World Quarterly 28, 2.

[22] --- (2007b) "Dreaming in Technicolour: India as a BRIC Economy," International Journal, Autumn, pp. 779-803.

[23] --- (2009a) "Imperialism and Nation-States in the Geo-politics of Capitalism," in R. Munck and G. Honor Fagan, eds., Globalisation and Security—An Encyclopaedia. Vol. 1: Economic and Political Aspects and Vol. 2: Social and Cultural Aspects. Praeger.

[24] --- (2009b) "The Inadvertence of Benedict Anderson: Engaging Imagined Communities," The Asia-Pacific Journal 11 (March 16). http://japanfocus.org/-Radhika-Desai/3085

[25] --- (2009c) "Keynes Redux: World Money after the 2008 Crisis," in W. Anthony and J. Guard, eds., Bailouts and Bankruptcies. Fernwood Press.

[26] --- (ed.) (2009d) Developmental and Cultural Nationalisms. London: Routledge.

[27] --- (2010) "Consumption Demand in Marx and the Current Crisis," Research in Political Economy, vol. 26.

[28] --- (forthcoming 2011) Capitalist Geopolitics and its Cosmopolitan Myths: Dispelling "Globalization " and "Empire. " London: Pluto Press.

[29] --- Deutsch, K. W. (1953) Nationalism and Social Communication: An Inquiry into the Foundations of Nationality. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

[30] --- Deyo, F. C. (ed.) (1987) The Political Economy of the New Asian Industrialism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

[31] --- Esping-Andersen, G. (1990) The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Cambridge: Polity.

[32] Freeman, A. (2004) "The Inequality of Nations," in A. Freeman and B. Kagarlitzsky, eds., The Politics of Empire. London: Pluto Press.

[33] Freeman, A., and G. Carchedi (eds.) (1996) Marx and Non-Equilibrium Economics. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.

[34] Gellner, E. (1964) Thought and Change. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.

[35] --- (1983) Nations and Nationalism. Oxford: Blackwell.

[36] Gerschenkron, A. (1962) Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective: A Book of Essays. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.

[37] Haggard, S. (1990) Pathways from the Periphery: The Politics of Growth in the Newly Industrializing Countries. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

[38] Hamilton, C. (1986) Capitalist Industrialization in Korea. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

[39] Hay, C. (2008) "Globalization's Impace on States," in J. Ravenhill, ed., Global Political Economy, 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

[40] Helbling, T., et al. (2007) "Decoupling the Train? Spillovers and Cycles in the Global Economy," World Economic Outlook, Washington DC: International Monetary Fund, www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/ weo/2007/01/pdf/c4.pdf, pp. 121-160.

[41] Hilferding, R. (1910/1981) Finance Capital: A Study of the Latest Phase of Capitalist Development. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

[42] Hirst, P. Q., and G. Thompson (1996) Globalization in Question: The International Economy and the Possibilities of Governance. Cambridge: Polity Press.

[43] Hirst, P. Q., G. Thompson, and S. Bromley (2009) Globalization in Question, 3rd ed. Cambridge: Polity.

[44] Hobsbawm, E. J. (1 994) Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century, 1914-1991. London: Michael Joseph.

[45] Hobson, J. A. (1902/1968) Imperialism. A Study. (Third Entirely Revised and Reset Edition). London.

[46] Huntington, S. (1988) "The US—Decline or Renewal?" Foreign Affairs, Winter.

[47] Institute of Development Studies (IDS) (1985) Developmental States in East Asia: A Research Report to the Gatsby Charitable Foundation. Brighton: Institute of Development Studies.

[48] Islam, F. (2002) "Myth of the American Boom is Banished by the Fall," Observer, July 7.

[49] Jameson, F. (1998) The Cultural Turn. London: Verso.

[50] Johnson, C. (1982) MITI and the Japanese Miracle: The Growth of Industrial Policy, 1925-1975. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

[51] Kedourie, E. (1960) Nationalism. London: Hutchinson.

[52] Kindleberger, C. P. (1973) The World in Depression, 1929-1939. London: Allen Lane, The Penguin Press.

[53] Kliman, A. (2007) Reclaiming Marx s Capital: A Refutation of the Myth of Inconsistency. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.

[54] Lenin, V. I. (1916/1978) Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism. Moscow: Progress Publishers.

[55] Lewin, M. (2005) The Soviet Century. London: Verso.

[56] List, F. (1856) National System of Political Economy. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott and Co.

[57] Löwy, M. (1981) The Politics of Combined and Uneven Development: The Theory of Permanent Revolution. London: NLB.

[58] Luce, H. (1999) "The American Century," Diplomatic History 23, 2 (Spring). Reprinted from Life, 1941.

[59] Luxemburg, R. (1913/2003) The Accumulation of Capital. London: Routledge.

[60] Mandel, E. (1978) Introduction. Karl Marx, Capital, Vol. II. London: Penguin and New Left Books.

[61] Marsh, D., and R. A. W. Rhodes (1 992) Implementing Thatcherite Policies: Audit of an Era. Buckingham, England: Open University Press.

[62] McNeill, W. (1988) "Toynbee Revisited," Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 41, 7 (April): 13-27.

[63] Mayer, A. J. (1964) Wilson vs. Lenin: Political Origins of the New Diplomacy, 1917-1918. Cleveland, NY: World Pub. Co.

[64] --- (1981) Persistence of the Old Regime: Europe to the Great War. New York: Pantheon Books.

[65] Mehringer, H. (1978) Permanente Revolution und Russische Revolution. Die Entwicklung der Th eorie der permanenten Revolution im Rahmen der marxistischen Revolutionskonzeption 1848-1907. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.

[66] Milanović, B. (2005) Worlds Apart: Measuring International and Global Inequality. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

[67] Nairn, T. (1981) The Break-up of Britain: Crisis and Neo-Nationalism, 2nd ed. London: NLB.

[68] Nimni, E. (1991) Marxism and Nationalism: Theoretical Origins of a Political Crisis. London: Pluto Press.

[69] Panitch, L., and S. Gindin (2004) "Global Capitalism and American Empire," Socialist Register 2004. London: Merlin.

[70] --- (2005) "Finance and American Empire," Socialist Register 2005. London: Merlin.

[71] Polanyi, K. (1944/1985) The Great Transformation. Boston: Beacon Press.

[72] Reinert, E. S. (2007) How Rich Countries Got Rich and Why Poor Countries Stay Poor. London: Constable.

[73] Rosenberg, J. (1994) The Empire of Civil Society: A Critique of the Realist Theory of International Relations. London: Verso.

[74] --- (1996) "Issac Deutscher and the Lost History of International Relations," New Left Review I, 215 (Jan-Feb).

[75] --- (2000) The Follies of Globalisation Theory: Polemical Essays. London: Verso.

[76] --- (2005) "Globalization: A Post Mortem," International Politics 42: 2-74.

[77] Sarkar, S. (2009) "Nationalism and Poverty: Discourses of Development and Culture in 20th Century India," in R. Desai, ed., Developmental and Cultural Nationalisms. London: Routledge.

[78] Semmel, B. (1993) The Liberal Ideal and the Demons of Empire: Theories of Imperialism from Adam Smith to Lenin. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

[79] Soros, G. (2008) "The Worst Market Crisis in 60 Years," Financial Times, January 22.

[80] Stedman-Jones, G. (2007) "Radicalism and the Extra-European World: The Case of Karl Marx," in D. Bell, ed., Victorian Visions of Global Order: Empire and International Relations in Nineteenth Century Political Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[81] Teschke, B. (2003) The Myth of 1648: Class, Geopolitics, and the Making of Modern International Relations. London: Verso.

[82] Trotsky, L. (1919/1934) The History of the Russian Revolution. (Translated by Max Eastman). London: Victor Gollancz.

[83] Van der Piji, K. (2006) Global Rivalries from the Cold War to Iraq. London: Pluto Press.

[84] --- (2009) "Historicising the International: Modes of Foreign Relations and Political Economy," Deutscher Prize Lecture, School of Oriental and African Studies, London, November 27.

[85] Wade, R. (1 990) Governing the Market: Economic Theory and the Role of Government in East Asian Industrialization. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

[86] Wallerstein, I. M. (1974) The Modern World-System. New York: Academic Press.

[87] --- (1980) The Modern World-System II: Mercantilism and the Consolidation of the European World- Economy, 1600-1750. New York: Academic Press.

[88] Walter, A. (1993) World Power and World Money: The Role of Hegemony and International Monetary Order, rev. pbk ed. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

[89] Wasshausen, D., and B. Moulton (2006) "The Role of Hedonic Adjustments in Measuring Real GDP in the United States," Washington, DC: Bureau of Economic Analysis, www.bea.gov/papers/pdf/ hedonicGDP.pdf

[90] White, G. (1988) Developmental States in East Asia. Basingstoke: Macmillan.

[91] Woo-Cumings, M. (ed.) (1999) The Developmental State. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

[92] Wood, E. M. (1981) "The Separation of the Political and the Economic in Capitalism," New Left Review I, 127 (May/June).

[93] --- (1992) The Pristine Culture of Capitalism: A Historical Essay on Old Regimes and Modern States. London: Verso.

[94] --- (1999) "Unhappy Families: Global Capitalism in a World of Nation-States," Monthly Review , July-August.

[95] Wu, G. (2009) "From Post-imperial to Late Communist Nationalism: Historical Change in Chinese Nationalism from May Fourth to the 1990s," in R. Desai, ed., Developmental and Cultural Nationalisms. London: Routledge.

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