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MARIÁTEGUI, LATIN AMERICAN SOCIALISM, AND ASIA
Abstract
José Carlos Mariátegui is the most prominent Marxist thinker of 20th century Latin America. His Seven Interpretive Essays on Peruvian Reality is still considered a classical reference work, indispensable for understanding the political and economical structures of postcolonial Perú and, indirectly, of Latin America. His works range from a modern socialist project based on a critical understanding of modern colonialism and imperialism, an economic analysis of the development of capitalism, the feudal structures of property, and the growing social conflicts in his native Perú. Less well known is his exploration of the future geopolitical situation of Latin American peoples and cultures vis-à-vis Asia. His intellectual position can be summarized in one sentence: "Spiritually and materially, China is closer to us than Europe." This article deepens the notion of the "Oriental dimension" of Latin American cultures and its roots in anti-colonial, antiimperialist, and socialist movements until today. It then challenges both the modern traditional Eurocentric Westernization of Latin American cultures, as well as the neoconservative strategies of "Western-hemispheric" mapping of Latin American cultures and peoples.
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"La nueva cruzada pro-indigena," in Ediciones Populares de las Obras Completas de José Carlos Mariátegui [hereafter: Ediciones Populares] (Lima: Empresa Editora Amauta, 1959), vol. 13, p. 167.
"La tradición nacional," in Ediciones Populares, vol. 11, p. 121.
"La nueva cruzada pro-indigena," in Ediciones Populares, vol. 13, p. 167.
Juan Mariátegui, José Carlos Mariáteguiy el continente asiático (Lima: Clenala, 1997), pp. 12-14.
"La escena contemporánea," in Ediciones Populares, vol. 13, p. 168.
Luís Millones (ed.), El Retorno de las huacas: estudios y documentos sobre el taki onqoy (Lima: IEP, Instituto de Estudios Peruanos: SPP, Sociedad Peruana de Psicoanálisis, 1990).
"La nueva cruzada pro-indígena," in Ediciones Populares, vol. 13, p. 167.
"La revolución china," in Ediciones Populares, vol. 12, p. 133.
Stefan Kutzenberger, Europa in "Grande Sertão: Veredas. " " Grande Sertão: Veredas " in Europa (Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, 2005), pp. 156ff. Fani Schiffer Duräes, Riobaldo und Faust. Untersuchung zum Faust-Mythos bei João Guimarães Rosa (Bonn: Romanistischer Verlga, 1996), pp. 82ff; 156ff.
José María Arguedas, Señores e indios. Acerca de la cultura quechua (Montevideo: Arca Editorial, 1976), pp. 243 ff.
Alexis de Toqueville, Democracy in America (New York: Perennial Classics, 2000), p. 326.
Eduardo Subirats, "Colonized Latin American Poetics," in Crítica y Emancipación, Revista latinoamericana de ciencias sociales, 1, 1 (June 2008). Buenos Aires: CLACSO. See also: José Carlos Mariátegui, Seven Interpretive Essays on Peruvian Reality (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1971); Darcy Ribeiro, The Americas and Civilization (New York: Dutton, 1971); Guillermo Bonfil Batalla, México profundo: Reclaiming a Civilization (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1996).
Nathan Wachtel, The Vision of the Vanquished: The Spanish Conquest of Peru through Indian Eyes, 1530-1570 (New York: Barnes and Noble, 1977).
Antonio Risério, A utopia brasileira e os movimentos negros (São Paulo: Editora 34, 2007), pp. 207ff.
Augusto Roa Bastos (ed.), Las culturas condenadas (México: Siglo XXI, 1978), pp. 19f.