Central to an understanding of the agrarian question is the identification of the nature of classes that arise on the basis of the development of capitalism in agriculture. We need to understand classes in order to understand social and economic inequality, the nature of the state in India, and the ways in which the state intervenes in the countryside. In identifying classes, our task is two-fold: on the one hand, to establish certain general theoretical categories and criteria in order to distinguish classes in the countryside, and, on the other hand, to identify classes in situ, that is, in the specific agro-economic and social circumstances that prevail in different regions and localities.
Sundarayya (1976), Patnaik (1987), Athreya, Djurfeldt and Lindbergh (1990), Ramachandran (1990).
http://www.fas.org.in/pages.asp?menuid=16
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Ramachandran and Swaminathan (eds.) (2002).
Karashima (2011), Ramachandran (1990), Ch. 1.
Dhar (2011).
Ramachandran and Swaminathan (2006) Ramachandran and Rawal (2010). Ramachandran, Rawal, and Swaminathan (2002).
Government of India 2011, Gupta 2007, ISWSD 2007, Karat 2005 and 2008, Usami 2010
Ramakumar and Raut 2011