THE BOLIVARIAN ALLIANCE FOR THE PEOPLES OF OUR AMERICA PART I: KNOWLEDGE IS WHAT COUNTS

Cole, Ken

doi:10.2307/41945905

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International Journal of Cuban Studies

Volume 2, Issue 3/4

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THE BOLIVARIAN ALLIANCE FOR THE PEOPLES OF OUR AMERICA PART I: KNOWLEDGE IS WHAT COUNTS

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Author(s): Ken Cole

Publication date (Print): 1 October 2010

Publication date (Print): 1 December 2010

Journal: International Journal of Cuban Studies

Publisher: Pluto Journals

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Abstract

In 1829, El Liberador of Latin America, Simón Bolívar, cautioned that the United States was '... destined by Providence to plague America with miseries in the name of freedom'. To counter this threat, in 1891, El Apóstol of the Cuban Revolution, José Martí, called for 'Our America to show itself as one in spirit and intent' and to struggle against 'powers in the United States - the Other America - from extending control over the Americas'. In June 1990 United States President George H. Bush launched the 'Enterprise for the Americas' initiative, intended to ensure US economic hegemony from 'Alaska to Tierra del Fuego' through the integration of the hemisphere into a regional competitive free market: a malediction which Fidel Castro and Hugo Chavez intended to challenge with the inception of the Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas - ALBA - in 2004. ALBA became an 'Alliance', which is both, strategically, intended to progress human potentials, and tactically, a policy to develop the impoverished peoples of Our America. This article addresses ALBA as an epochal initiative of progress: a related article, to appear in the next issue of this journal, will address ALBA as a political struggle to develop Latin American societies for the poor to have more.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (jstor): intejcubastud

Journal ID (doi): 10.2307/j50005551

Title: International Journal of Cuban Studies

Publisher: Pluto Journals

ISSN (Print): 17563461

Publication date (Print): 1 October 2010

Publication date (Print): 1 December 2010

Volume: 2

Issue: 3/4

Pages: 249-263

Article

DOI: 10.2307/41945905

SO-VID: 1b14058f-149d-4607-9097-1449cbda75cf

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All content is freely available without charge to users or their institutions. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission of the publisher or the author. Articles published in the journal are distributed under a http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

References

Belnap, J. and R. Fernández (eds) (1998) José Marti's 'Our America'. Durham: Duke University Press.
Blacklisted News (2010) 'CFR Meeting: Zbigniew Brzezinski Fears The Global Awakening', at http://www.blacklistednews.com/?news_id=8761 (accessed 10 July 2010).
Bolívar, S. (1829) 'Letter to Colonel Patrick Campbell', in Bolívar (2003), pp. 171-3.
Bolívar, S. (2003) Simón Bolívar: El Liberador – Writings of Simón Bolívar, translated by Frederick H Fornoff. New York: Oxford University Press.
Brzezinski, Z. (1997) The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and the Geostrategic Imperatives. New York: HarperCollins.
Brzezinski, Z. (2005) The Dilemma of the Last Sovereign', in The American Interest, Autumn 2005, at http://www.the-american-interest.com/article.cfm?piece=56 (accessed 8 July 2010).
Brzezinski, Z. (2007) Second Chance: Three Presidents and the Crisis of American Superpower. New York: Basic Books.
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Castañeda, J. (1995) The Mexican Shocks. New York: New Press.
Castro, F. (1999) A Revolution Can Only Be Born from Culture and Ideas. London: The Cuban Embassy.
Chávez, H. (2009) Press conference at the IVth Extraordinary Summit of ALBA, at http:// www.vtv.gob.ve/noticias-nacionales/19957 (accessed 20 July 2009).
Chomsky, N. (1986) Knowledge and Language. Westport CT: Praeger.
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Cole, K. (2010) 'Jazz in the Time of Globalization: The Bolivarian Alliance for the People's of Our America', Third World Quarterly 31(2) March 2010.
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Damasio, A. (1999) The Feeling of What Happens. London: Heinemann.
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De Waal, F. (2009b) The Age of Empathy: Nature's Lessons for a Kinder Society. New York: Harmony Books.
Diamond, J. (1993) The Third Chimpanzee. New York: Harper.
Diamond, J. (2005) Guns, Germs and Steel. New York: Norton.
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Hauser, M.D. (2006) Moral Minds: How Nature Designed Our Universal Sense of Right and Wrong. London: Abacus.
Hodgson, D. (1991) The Mind Matters. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
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Jones, S. (1996) In the Blood: God, Genes and Destiny. London: HarperCollins.
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Marx, K. (1973) The Grundrisse. London: Pelican.
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Mithen, S. (2005) The Prehistory of the Mind. London: Phoenix.
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Palast, G. (2007) The Electro-Dollar Riots in Ecuador', in Palast (2007a).
Palast, G. (2007a) Armed Madhouse: Undercover Dispatches from a Dying Regime. London: Penguin.
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Pino, A. (forthcoming) 'José Martí: análista crítico del origen de la sociedad del consumo de masas en Estados Unidos', Doctoral Thesis to be submitted to the Instituto de Filosofía, La Habana.
Rifkin, J. (2009) The Empathetic Civilization: The Race to Global Consciousness in a World in Crisis. Cambridge: Polity.
Rose, S. (2003) The Making of Memory. London: Vintage.
Rose, S. (2005) The 21st-Century Brain: Explaining, Mending and Manipulating the Mind. London: Jonathan Cape.
Rose, S., L.J. Kamin and R. Lewontin (1984) Not in Our Genes. London: Penguin.
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Sellars, R.W., V.J. McGill and M. Farber (1949) Philosophy for the Future. New York: Macmillan.
Shnookal, D. and M. Muñiz (1999) José Martí Reader: Writings on the Americas. Melbourne: Ocean Press.
Tallis, R. (2008) The Kingdom of Infinite Space. London: Atlantic Books.
Teilería, C.J.G. (2006) Summary of Information Concerning Alternativa Bolivariana Para Las Americas, document prepared for the Permanent Council of the Organization of American States, at http://scm.oas.org/doc_public/ENGLISH/HIST_06/CP15956E07. doc (accessed 8 December 2009).
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Zimmer, C. (2003) Evolution: The Triumph of an Idea. London: Arrow.

Comments

Comment on this article

[1] Belnap, J. and R. Fernández (eds) (1998) José Marti's 'Our America'. Durham: Duke University Press.

[2] Blacklisted News (2010) 'CFR Meeting: Zbigniew Brzezinski Fears The Global Awakening', at http://www.blacklistednews.com/?news_id=8761 (accessed 10 July 2010).

[3] Bolívar, S. (1829) 'Letter to Colonel Patrick Campbell', in Bolívar (2003), pp. 171-3.

[4] Bolívar, S. (2003) Simón Bolívar: El Liberador – Writings of Simón Bolívar, translated by Frederick H Fornoff. New York: Oxford University Press.

[5] Brzezinski, Z. (1997) The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and the Geostrategic Imperatives. New York: HarperCollins.

[6] Brzezinski, Z. (2005) The Dilemma of the Last Sovereign', in The American Interest, Autumn 2005, at http://www.the-american-interest.com/article.cfm?piece=56 (accessed 8 July 2010).

[7] Brzezinski, Z. (2007) Second Chance: Three Presidents and the Crisis of American Superpower. New York: Basic Books.

[8] Capra, F. (1997) The Web of Life. London: Flamingo.

[9] Castañeda, J. (1995) The Mexican Shocks. New York: New Press.

[10] Castro, F. (1999) A Revolution Can Only Be Born from Culture and Ideas. London: The Cuban Embassy.

[11] Chávez, H. (2009) Press conference at the IVth Extraordinary Summit of ALBA, at http:// www.vtv.gob.ve/noticias-nacionales/19957 (accessed 20 July 2009).

[12] Chomsky, N. (1986) Knowledge and Language. Westport CT: Praeger.

[13] Cockcroft, J. (2004) America Latina y Estados Unidos: historia y politica país por país. La Habana: Editorial de Ciencias Sociales.

[14] Cochran, G. and H. Harpending (2009) The 10,000 Year Explosion: How Civilization Accelerated Human Evolution. New York: Basic Books.

[15] Cole, K. (2008) 'ALBA: A Process of Concientization', International Journal of Cuban Studies 2.

[16] Cole, K. (2010) 'Jazz in the Time of Globalization: The Bolivarian Alliance for the People's of Our America', Third World Quarterly 31(2) March 2010.

[17] Coolidge, F.L. and T. Wynn (2009) The Rise of Homo Sapiens: The Evolution of Modern Thinking. London: Wiley-Blackwell.

[18] Damasio, A. (1999) The Feeling of What Happens. London: Heinemann.

[19] De Waal, F. (2009a) Primates and Philosophers: How Morality Evolved. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

[20] De Waal, F. (2009b) The Age of Empathy: Nature's Lessons for a Kinder Society. New York: Harmony Books.

[21] Diamond, J. (1993) The Third Chimpanzee. New York: Harper.

[22] Diamond, J. (2005) Guns, Germs and Steel. New York: Norton.

[23] Donald, M. (2001) A Mind So Rare: The Evolution of Human Consciousness. New York: Norton.

[24] Dunbar, R. (2004) The Human Story. London: Faber and Faber.

[25] Eagleton, T. (2008) The Meaning of Life. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

[26] Einstein, A. (1972) Ideas and Opinions. New York: Wings.

[27] Elizalde, R.M. and L. Báez (2005) El Encuentro. La Habana: Oficina de Publicaciones del Consejo de Estado.

[28] Frith, C. (2007) Making Up the Mind. Oxford: Blackwell.

[29] Gould, S.J. (2005) Life's Grandeur. London: Vintage.

[30] Greider, W (1997) One World Ready or Not. London: Penguin.

[31] Gribben, M. and J. (1993) Being Human. London: Dent.

[32] Hauser, M.D. (2006) Moral Minds: How Nature Designed Our Universal Sense of Right and Wrong. London: Abacus.

[33] Hodgson, D. (1991) The Mind Matters. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

[34] Horgan, J. (1999) The Undiscovered Mind. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson

[35] Janicke, K. (2008) Summit of the Bolivarian Alternative (ALBA) Concludes in Venezuela, Global Research, at http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=7935, (accessed 12 June 2008).

[36] Jaynes, J. (1976) The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

[37] Jones, S. (1996) In the Blood: God, Genes and Destiny. London: HarperCollins.

[38] Lehrer, J. (2009) The Decisive Moment: How the Brain Makes Up Its Mind. Edinburgh: Canongate.

[39] Levins, R. and R. Lewontin (1985) The Dialectical Biologist. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.

[40] Lewontin, R. and R. Levins (2007) Biology Under the Influence. New York: Monthly Review.

[41] McGarr, P. and S. Rose (eds) (2007) The Richness of Life: The Essential Stephen Jay Gould. London: Vintage.

[42] McNally, D. (2001) Bodies of Meaning: Studies on Language, Labor, and Liberation. Albany: State University of New York.

[43] Martí, J. (1891) 'Our America', in Shnookal and Muñiz (1999), pp. 111-20.

[44] Martí, J. (1891a) Nuestra América, Caracas: Biblioteca Electronica, at http://www.analitica. com/BITBLIO/jmarti/nuestra_america.asp (accessed 1 January 2010).

[45] Martí, J. (2001) 'Volumen 19, Viajes, Diarios, Crónicas, Juicios', included in José Martí: Obras. La Habana: Centros de Estudios Martianos (CD, ISBN 959-7006-60-X).

[46] Marti, O. (1998) 'Martí and the Heroic Image', in Belnap and Fernández (1998), pp. 317-38.

[47] Marx, K. (1970) [1859] A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy. Moscow: Progress Publishers.

[48] Marx, K. (1973) The Grundrisse. London: Pelican.

[49] Ministerio de Comunicación e Información (2006) Sobre el ALBA: selección de artículos. Caracas: Ministerio de Comunicación e Información.

[50] Mithen, S. (2005) The Prehistory of the Mind. London: Phoenix.

[51] Olsen, S. (2002) Mapping Human History. London: Bloomsbury.

[52] Palast, G. (2007) The Electro-Dollar Riots in Ecuador', in Palast (2007a).

[53] Palast, G. (2007a) Armed Madhouse: Undercover Dispatches from a Dying Regime. London: Penguin.

[54] Pinker, S. (1994) The Language Instinct. New York: William Morrow.

[55] Pino, A. (forthcoming) 'José Martí: análista crítico del origen de la sociedad del consumo de masas en Estados Unidos', Doctoral Thesis to be submitted to the Instituto de Filosofía, La Habana.

[56] Rifkin, J. (2009) The Empathetic Civilization: The Race to Global Consciousness in a World in Crisis. Cambridge: Polity.

[57] Rose, S. (2003) The Making of Memory. London: Vintage.

[58] Rose, S. (2005) The 21st-Century Brain: Explaining, Mending and Manipulating the Mind. London: Jonathan Cape.

[59] Rose, S., L.J. Kamin and R. Lewontin (1984) Not in Our Genes. London: Penguin.

[60] Sellars, W. (1997) 'Aristotelean Philosophies of the Mind', originally published in Sellars, McGill and Farber (1949), and revised and transcribed into hypertext by A. and K. Chrucky in 1997, at http://www.ditext.com/sellars/apm.html (accessed 17 October 2009).

[61] Sellars, R.W., V.J. McGill and M. Farber (1949) Philosophy for the Future. New York: Macmillan.

[62] Shnookal, D. and M. Muñiz (1999) José Martí Reader: Writings on the Americas. Melbourne: Ocean Press.

[63] Tallis, R. (2008) The Kingdom of Infinite Space. London: Atlantic Books.

[64] Teilería, C.J.G. (2006) Summary of Information Concerning Alternativa Bolivariana Para Las Americas, document prepared for the Permanent Council of the Organization of American States, at http://scm.oas.org/doc_public/ENGLISH/HIST_06/CP15956E07. doc (accessed 8 December 2009).

[65] UNESCO (1995) Towards a Culture of Global Peace. Manila: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, quoted in, Ministerio de Comunicación e Información (2004).

[66] Wells, R. and J. McFadden (2006) Human Nature: Fact and Fiction. London: Continuum.

[67] WOLA (2010) Waiting for Change: Trends in U.S. Security Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean. Washington: Washington Office on Latin America.

[68] Zeki, S. (2009) Splendours and Miseries of the Brain. Oxford: Wiley and Blackwell.

[69] Zimmer, C. (2003) Evolution: The Triumph of an Idea. London: Arrow.

International Journal of Cuban Studies

THE BOLIVARIAN ALLIANCE FOR THE PEOPLES OF OUR AMERICA PART I: KNOWLEDGE IS WHAT COUNTS

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