[The dispute over sharing trans-boundary rivers, having its genesis in the flawed and biased partition of 1947, is one of the most contentious issues in relations between Pakistan and India. Indus Water Treaty was signed between the two states in 1960 after marathon negotiations held under the auspices of the World Bank and supported by major world powers. The treaty was heralded as peaceful resolution of water issues between the two countries and was seen as serving the purpose for last five decades. Even during fullfledged war the treaty remained in force and effective. However, India, taking advantage of the provisions of the treaty has initiated some projects including Kishanganga, Baglihar and Wullar that (dams) have revived, rather heightened water related tensions. The situation continues to be complicated despite the involvement of a neutral expert and Pakistan's recent move of taking the dispute to International Court of Arbitration. A dispassionate analysis of the treaty indicates that, if followed in letter and spirit, it still provides a good foundation for resolution of water disputes between two arch rivals.]
Salman and Upreti, "Coflict and Cooperation on South Asia's International Rivers: A Legal Perspective".
Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan.
Tajuddin and Ali, "Two States in One River Basin System...", p. 130.
Sattar, Pakistan's Foreign Policy 1947-2005, p. 73.
Wolf & Newton, Case Study of Transboundary Dispute Resolution.
Yaqoob, "International River Waters In South Asia...", p. 132.
IBRD Press Release, No. 618, quoted in N.D.Gulati, op. cit., p. 339.
The Dawn (Karachi) 20 September 1960.
The Hindu (Madras) 20 September 1960.
Data received from Pakistan Commissioner for Indus Waters, 2010.
Mr Jamait Ali Shah, Pakistan Commissioner for Indus Waters, (Islamabad: 09 Nov 2009).
Briscoe and Qamar, Pakistan's Water Economy Running Dry.
Ansari, "Indian Aqua Bomb".
Formulated in light of interview and data received from Pakistan Commissioner for Indus Waters, (Lahore: 02 September 2010).
"Water issues between India and Pakistan", available at http://www.chatdd.com/blog/(30 September 2009).
Study conducted by HQ Engineers 1 Corps quoted in Raheel Qayyum Brig, "Indian Premeditation as Upper Riparian" (Islamabad, NDC paper 2009), p. 63.
Op. cit. Qayyum, p. 65.
Salai Hydroelectric Project, available at http://en.wikipedia.org (04 March 2011).
Khalid Mustafa, The News (Islamabad) 26 February 2011.
Khaliq Kiyani, Dawn (Karachi) 22 February 2011.
Wolf, "Trends in Trans boundary Water Resources...".