Pune is a major metropolitan city in western Maharashtra, India. It has experienced rapid industrial growth, which has put pressure on the environment. Traditional urban planning in Pune, called the chowk system, involved the use of introverted houses with courtyards that provided light, air circulation, and plant life. These courtyards also served as spaces for disposing of garbage, which was used as manure for orchards. The British introduced the compact house in cantonments, which lacked courtyards but had external open spaces. Building bye-laws were also changed to reflect western planning practices, which have not been suitable for Indian conditions. As a result, Pune has experienced urban congestion, increased traffic, industrial pollution, and strain on urban services, leading to urban degradation. The city has implemented various measures to address these issues, such as traffic management schemes and pollution control measures.