The article explores the complex relationship between humans and biodiversity within protected areas (PAs) in India. PAs are intended to safeguard non-human beings and ecosystems, yet they often coexist with human populations that interact with these environments. The article discusses the competing demands on these areas, including commercial and technological interests, and questions whether it is justifiable to allocate a portion of the remaining natural habitats to humans who live close to nature.

The author presents arguments from both sides, highlighting the challenges and contradictions inherent in this debate. On one hand, social activists argue for local communities' rights to share in the benefits of these areas, while on the other hand, nature conservationists emphasize the need for strict protection of these ecosystems to preserve biodiversity.

The article points out that a lack of comprehensive data on the needs and habitat requirements of various species complicates decision-making. It argues that the nearness of market forces and the market economy significantly impact the transformation of these areas and the lifestyles of their inhabitants.

Ultimately, the article suggests a collaborative approach where nature conservationists and social activists work together to protect biodiversity and restore natural ecosystems. This would involve a nationwide, labour-intensive program of environmental regeneration, funded by the market economy, and a shift in the philosophy of education to promote sustainability.

In conclusion, the article contends that while humans have distanced themselves from the rest of biodiversity, they remain dependent on nature. Therefore, it is in their best interest to protect and restore natural ecosystems to ensure a sustainable future for both humans and non-human beings.