The study conducted around Pune city in 2000 focused on surveying the aquatic macroinvertebrates in various water bodies impacted by urbanization and industrialization. The study recorded 15 species of molluscs and 13 families of aquatic insects from 9 orders. Less polluted water bodies had higher diversity with 4.6 families and 5 species per site, compared to 3.3 families and 4.3 species in polluted sites. Aquatic insects like Damsel flies, Diving beetles, Dobson flies, Netspinners, and Stoneflies were found in less polluted waters, while midges and mosquito larvae favored polluted waters. The mollusk species were found to be decreasing due to habitat loss and pollution, with certain species now being rare. The study emphasizes the importance of conducting frequent surveys to assess and monitor changes in freshwater ecosystems due to urbanization and industrialization. Additionally, eco-restoration efforts in certain areas showed signs of positive impact on the aquatic biota.