The reptiles in and around Pune are less documented compared to other vertebrates due to their cryptic nature. The first detailed records were reported by Underwood in 1948, listing 26 species, including 12 snake species. Since then, a few more publications, such as those by Chopra (1964), Khaire and Khaire (1985), and Ghatpande et al. (1990), have added to the list.

The current study is based on first-hand observations over the past ten years, reliable oral information, and literature. A total of 52 reptilian species have been documented, with about two-thirds being snakes. This is a significant increase compared to the records from the past. The high diversity in Pune can be attributed to its river and hill chains, which serve as corridors for reptile dispersal.

Habitat loss, mainly due to urbanization, poses a threat to nearly half of the reptilian species. Deforestation, grassland encroachment, and monoculture plantations are affecting different reptile species. Habitat degradation, such as excessive cattle grazing, fires, rock excavation, and pollution, also poses risks to various reptiles.

Human actions, including killing out of fear or superstitions, hunting for consumption and medicinal purposes, and venom extraction, have contributed to the decline of reptile populations. The study emphasizes the need for corrective measures, including habitat restoration, generating public awareness to reduce fear-driven killing, and conservation efforts to protect the reptiles in the area.