PREPARATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON ADSORBENT FROM COCONUT HUSK FOR THE ADSORPTION OF LEAD (II) IONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION

Heavy metals contamination of water and wastewater is a common phenomenon. Industrial wastewaters are usually the cause of heavy metals pollution of the environment. In this work, the adsorptive removal of lead metal ions in aqueous solution is investigated using an activated carbon derived from coconut husk. The activated carbon was modified with NaOH and characterized for functional group, micro-structure and textural properties. The activated carbons have a surface area of 304.38 m ² /g from 600 °C activation with NaOH modification and 281.19 m ² /g (300 °C) without modification. FTIR demonstrated the different functional groups present and the SEM images showed the pores on the surface of the activated carbon due to the NaOH modification. The maximum adsorption capacity of 91.70 and 73.90 mg/g were obtained for the coconut husk modified and unmodified adsorbents respectively. The adsorption kinetics for lead metal ions onto both adsorbents can be described by a pseudo-second-order rate model and are well fitted to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The results indicated that coconut husk in modified and unmodified forms can be used for the efficient removal of lead (II) ions from water and wastewater.

Content

Author and article information

Journal

Title: Nigerian Journal of Tropical Engineering

Publisher: Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University

Publication date (Electronic, pub): 1 December 2022

Volume: 16

Issue: 1

Pages: 1-10

Affiliations

[1 ] Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria ( https://ror.org/0127mpp72)

[2 ] Department of Chemical Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria ( https://ror.org/019vfke14)

[3 ] Department of Minerals and Petroleum Resources Engineering, Plateau State Polytechnic, Barkin- Ladi, Jos, Nigeria;

Article

DOI: 10.59081/njte.16.1.001

SO-VID: 20298900-9bf6-4cb4-b3fa-853b118a6bc5

License:

Published under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International ( CC BY 4.0). Users are allowed to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially), as long as the authors and the publisher are explicitly identified and properly acknowledged as the original source.

History

References

Bello Olugbenga Solomon, Adegoke Kayode Adesina, Fagbenro Samuel Oluwaseun, Lameed Olasunkanmi Seun. Functionalized coconut husks for rhodamine-B dye sequestration. Applied Water Science. Vol. 9(8)2019. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. [Cross Ref]
Jahangard Amin, Sohrabi Mojgan, Beigmohammadi Zahra. Sorption of Lead (II) Ions on Activated Coconut Husk. Iranian Jornal of Toxicology. Vol. 10(6):23–29. 2016. Negah Scientific Publisher. [Cross Ref]
Jock Alexander Asanja, Joel Atuman Samaila, Olubajo Olu Olumide, Zang Charity Uren, Ayuba Magdelene Sazeya, Wakili Philip Thomas. Development of activated carbon from sawdust by pyrolysis and methylene blue adsorption. International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering. Vol. 19(5):473–481. 2021. Walter de Gruyter GmbH. [Cross Ref]
Alexander Jock Asanja, Zaini Muhammad Abbas Ahmad, Abdulsalam Surajudeen, Aliyu El-Nafaty Usman, Aroke Umar Omeiza. Isotherm studies of lead(II), manganese(II), and cadmium(II) adsorption by Nigerian bentonite clay in single and multimetal solutions. Particulate Science and Technology. Vol. 37(4):403–413. 2019. Informa UK Limited. [Cross Ref]
Khader Eman Hashim, Mohammed Thamer Jassim, Mirghaffari Nourollah, Salman Ali Dawood, Juzsakova Tatjána, Abdullah Thamer Adnan. Removal of organic pollutants from produced water by batch adsorption treatment. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy. Vol. 24(2):713–720. 2022. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. [Cross Ref]
Mo Guanhai, Xiao Jiang, Gao Xiang. To enhance the Cd2+ adsorption capacity on coconut shell-derived biochar by chitosan modifying: performance and mechanism. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. 2022. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. [Cross Ref]
Nejadshafiee Vajihe, Islami Mohammad Reza. Adsorption capacity of heavy metal ions using sultone-modified magnetic activated carbon as a bio-adsorbent. Materials Science and Engineering: C. Vol. 101:42–52. 2019. Elsevier BV. [Cross Ref]
Onundi Y. B., Mamun A. A., Khatib M. F. Al, Ahmed Y. M.. Adsorption of copper, nickel and lead ions from synthetic semiconductor industrial wastewater by palm shell activated carbon. International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology. Vol. 7(4):751–758. 2010. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. [Cross Ref]
Pandey Sadanand. A comprehensive review on recent developments in bentonite-based materials used as adsorbents for wastewater treatment. Journal of Molecular Liquids. Vol. 241:1091–1113. 2017. Elsevier BV. [Cross Ref]
Pandey Sadanand, Ramontja James. Recent Modifications of bentonite Clay for Adsorption Applications. Focus on Sciences. Vol. 2(4):1–10. 2016. Definitive International Institute of Life Science (DIILI Publication). [Cross Ref]
Pandey S., Fosso-Kankeu E., Spiro M.J., Waanders F., Kumar N., Ray S.S., Kim J., Kang M.. Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies of lead ion adsorption from mine wastewater onto MoS2-clinoptilolite composite. Materials Today Chemistry. Vol. 18:2020. Elsevier BV. [Cross Ref]
Saad Mohamad Jani, Chia Chin Hua, Misran Suffian, Zakaria Sarani, Sajab Mohd Saiful, Abdul Rahman Mohammad Hariz. Rice Husk Activated Carbon with NaOH Activation: Physical and Chemical Properties. Sains Malaysiana. Vol. 49(09):2261–2267. 2020. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM Press). [Cross Ref]
Simeon Edori Onisogen, Friday Kpee. Index Models Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Soils within Selected Abattoirs in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Singapore Journal of Scientific Research. Vol. 7(1):9–15. 2016. Science Alert. [Cross Ref]
Song Chengwen, Wu Shuaihua, Cheng Murong, Tao Ping, Shao Mihua, Gao Guangrui. Adsorption Studies of Coconut Shell Carbons Prepared by KOH Activation for Removal of Lead(II) From Aqueous Solutions. Sustainability. Vol. 6(1):86–98. 2013. MDPI AG. [Cross Ref]
White Robin J., Budarin Vitaly, Luque Rafael, Clark James H., Macquarrie Duncan J.. Tuneable porous carbonaceous materials from renewable resources. Chemical Society Reviews. Vol. 38(12)2009. Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). [Cross Ref]
Yang Xiaodong, Wan Yongshan, Zheng Yulin, He Feng, Yu Zebin, Huang Jun, Wang Hailong, Ok Yong Sik, Jiang Yinshan, Gao Bin. Surface functional groups of carbon-based adsorbents and their roles in the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions: A critical review. Chemical Engineering Journal. Vol. 366:608–621. 2019. Elsevier BV. [Cross Ref]

Comments

Comment on this article

[1] Bello Olugbenga Solomon, Adegoke Kayode Adesina, Fagbenro Samuel Oluwaseun, Lameed Olasunkanmi Seun. Functionalized coconut husks for rhodamine-B dye sequestration. Applied Water Science. Vol. 9(8)2019. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. [Cross Ref]

[2] Jahangard Amin, Sohrabi Mojgan, Beigmohammadi Zahra. Sorption of Lead (II) Ions on Activated Coconut Husk. Iranian Jornal of Toxicology. Vol. 10(6):23–29. 2016. Negah Scientific Publisher. [Cross Ref]

[3] Jock Alexander Asanja, Joel Atuman Samaila, Olubajo Olu Olumide, Zang Charity Uren, Ayuba Magdelene Sazeya, Wakili Philip Thomas. Development of activated carbon from sawdust by pyrolysis and methylene blue adsorption. International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering. Vol. 19(5):473–481. 2021. Walter de Gruyter GmbH. [Cross Ref]

[4] Alexander Jock Asanja, Zaini Muhammad Abbas Ahmad, Abdulsalam Surajudeen, Aliyu El-Nafaty Usman, Aroke Umar Omeiza. Isotherm studies of lead(II), manganese(II), and cadmium(II) adsorption by Nigerian bentonite clay in single and multimetal solutions. Particulate Science and Technology. Vol. 37(4):403–413. 2019. Informa UK Limited. [Cross Ref]

[5] Khader Eman Hashim, Mohammed Thamer Jassim, Mirghaffari Nourollah, Salman Ali Dawood, Juzsakova Tatjána, Abdullah Thamer Adnan. Removal of organic pollutants from produced water by batch adsorption treatment. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy. Vol. 24(2):713–720. 2022. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. [Cross Ref]

[6] Mo Guanhai, Xiao Jiang, Gao Xiang. To enhance the Cd2+ adsorption capacity on coconut shell-derived biochar by chitosan modifying: performance and mechanism. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. 2022. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. [Cross Ref]

[7] Nejadshafiee Vajihe, Islami Mohammad Reza. Adsorption capacity of heavy metal ions using sultone-modified magnetic activated carbon as a bio-adsorbent. Materials Science and Engineering: C. Vol. 101:42–52. 2019. Elsevier BV. [Cross Ref]

[8] Onundi Y. B., Mamun A. A., Khatib M. F. Al, Ahmed Y. M.. Adsorption of copper, nickel and lead ions from synthetic semiconductor industrial wastewater by palm shell activated carbon. International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology. Vol. 7(4):751–758. 2010. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. [Cross Ref]

[9] Pandey Sadanand. A comprehensive review on recent developments in bentonite-based materials used as adsorbents for wastewater treatment. Journal of Molecular Liquids. Vol. 241:1091–1113. 2017. Elsevier BV. [Cross Ref]

[10] Pandey Sadanand, Ramontja James. Recent Modifications of bentonite Clay for Adsorption Applications. Focus on Sciences. Vol. 2(4):1–10. 2016. Definitive International Institute of Life Science (DIILI Publication). [Cross Ref]

[11] Pandey S., Fosso-Kankeu E., Spiro M.J., Waanders F., Kumar N., Ray S.S., Kim J., Kang M.. Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies of lead ion adsorption from mine wastewater onto MoS2-clinoptilolite composite. Materials Today Chemistry. Vol. 18:2020. Elsevier BV. [Cross Ref]

[12] Saad Mohamad Jani, Chia Chin Hua, Misran Suffian, Zakaria Sarani, Sajab Mohd Saiful, Abdul Rahman Mohammad Hariz. Rice Husk Activated Carbon with NaOH Activation: Physical and Chemical Properties. Sains Malaysiana. Vol. 49(09):2261–2267. 2020. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM Press). [Cross Ref]

[13] Simeon Edori Onisogen, Friday Kpee. Index Models Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Soils within Selected Abattoirs in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Singapore Journal of Scientific Research. Vol. 7(1):9–15. 2016. Science Alert. [Cross Ref]

[14] Song Chengwen, Wu Shuaihua, Cheng Murong, Tao Ping, Shao Mihua, Gao Guangrui. Adsorption Studies of Coconut Shell Carbons Prepared by KOH Activation for Removal of Lead(II) From Aqueous Solutions. Sustainability. Vol. 6(1):86–98. 2013. MDPI AG. [Cross Ref]

[15] White Robin J., Budarin Vitaly, Luque Rafael, Clark James H., Macquarrie Duncan J.. Tuneable porous carbonaceous materials from renewable resources. Chemical Society Reviews. Vol. 38(12)2009. Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). [Cross Ref]

[16] Yang Xiaodong, Wan Yongshan, Zheng Yulin, He Feng, Yu Zebin, Huang Jun, Wang Hailong, Ok Yong Sik, Jiang Yinshan, Gao Bin. Surface functional groups of carbon-based adsorbents and their roles in the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions: A critical review. Chemical Engineering Journal. Vol. 366:608–621. 2019. Elsevier BV. [Cross Ref]

To submit to the journal use this link and click on the Submit Manuscript button: Nigerian Journal of Tropical Engineering

Nigerian Journal of Tropical Engineering