Understanding and developing closed-loop nutrient cycles in crop production

Abstract

This chapter focuses on developing closed-loop nutrient cycles in crop production. It starts by first discussing the importance of understanding nutrient cycling in agri-food systems, then goes on to highlight current options for achieving closed-loop nutrient cycles. A section on manure management in different types of region is also included, focusing specifically on region types such as Delta, Metropole, Hinterland and Intensive Livestock. The chapter also includes an overview of the role of livestock and mixed farming systems.