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      Modified carbon nitride nanozyme as bifunctional glucose oxidase-peroxidase for metal-free bioinspired cascade photocatalysis

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          Abstract

          Nanomaterials-based biomimetic catalysts with multiple functions are necessary to address challenges in artificial enzymes mimicking physiological processes. Here we report a metal-free nanozyme of modified graphitic carbon nitride and demonstrate its bifunctional enzyme-mimicking roles. With oxidase mimicking, hydrogen peroxide is generated from the coupled photocatalysis of glucose oxidation and dioxygen reduction under visible-light irradiation with a near 100% apparent quantum efficiency. Then, the in situ generated hydrogen peroxide serves for the subsequent peroxidase-mimicking reaction that oxidises a chromogenic substrate on the same catalysts in dark to complete the bifunctional oxidase-peroxidase for biomimetic detection of glucose. The bifunctional cascade catalysis is successfully demonstrated in microfluidics for the real-time colorimetric detection of glucose with a low detection limit of 0.8 μM within 30 s. The artificial nanozymes with physiological functions provide the feasible strategies for mimicking the natural enzymes and realizing the biomedical diagnostics with a smart and miniature device.

          Abstract

          Glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) are used as an enzymatic cascade for blood glucose monitoring. Here, the authors developed a metal-free, graphitic carbon nitride-based nanozyme with GOx- and HRP-like activities and combine it with a microfluidic reactor for real-time glucose monitoring.

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          Most cited references55

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              Hydrogen Peroxide Synthesis: An Outlook beyond the Anthraquinone Process

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                wchoi@postech.edu
                Journal
                Nat Commun
                Nat Commun
                Nature Communications
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2041-1723
                26 February 2019
                26 February 2019
                2019
                : 10
                : 940
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0742 4007, GRID grid.49100.3c, Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), ; Pohang, 37673 Korea
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0742 4007, GRID grid.49100.3c, Department of Chemical Engineering, , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), ; Pohang, 37673 Korea
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4529-8069
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5676-5844
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1801-9386
                Article
                8731
                10.1038/s41467-019-08731-y
                6391499
                405605ae-b6f7-470c-b320-92da66e8d509
                © The Author(s) 2019

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 15 June 2018
                : 21 January 2019
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