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      COVID-19 affected the food behavior of different age groups in Chinese households

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          Abstract

          The COVID-19 pandemic brought profound changes to all corners of society and affected people in every aspect of their lives. This survey-based study investigated how household food related matters such as food sourcing and consumption behaviors of 2,126 Chinese consumers in different age groups changed approximately two months into the COVID-19 quarantine. A new food sourcing mechanism, community-based online group grocery-ordering (CoGGO), was widely adopted by households, particularly among the youngest group studied (18–24 years of age). The same group showed a higher confidence in the food supply system during the quarantine and a greater propensity for weight gain while staying-at-home. The more mature age group (≥35 years of age) showed heightened vigilance and awareness, with fewer grocery-shopping trips, a higher tendency for purchasing extra food, and less tendency to waste food. Survey findings of the new food-sourcing mechanism, attitudes to food, and changes in behavior among different age groups provide valuable insights to guide policies and management interventions to address matters pertaining to food supply and distribution, food access and household food security, and food waste reduction.

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          Comparison of Convenience Sampling and Purposive Sampling

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            Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Eating Behaviour and Physical Activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey

            Background: Public health recommendations and governmental measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in numerous restrictions on daily living including social distancing, isolation and home confinement. While these measures are imperative to abate the spreading of COVID-19, the impact of these restrictions on health behaviours and lifestyles at home is undefined. Therefore, an international online survey was launched in April 2020, in seven languages, to elucidate the behavioural and lifestyle consequences of COVID-19 restrictions. This report presents the results from the first thousand responders on physical activity (PA) and nutrition behaviours. Methods: Following a structured review of the literature, the “Effects of home Confinement on multiple Lifestyle Behaviours during the COVID-19 outbreak (ECLB-COVID19)” Electronic survey was designed by a steering group of multidisciplinary scientists and academics. The survey was uploaded and shared on the Google online survey platform. Thirty-five research organisations from Europe, North-Africa, Western Asia and the Americas promoted the survey in English, German, French, Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese and Slovenian languages. Questions were presented in a differential format, with questions related to responses “before” and “during” confinement conditions. Results: 1047 replies (54% women) from Asia (36%), Africa (40%), Europe (21%) and other (3%) were included in the analysis. The COVID-19 home confinement had a negative effect on all PA intensity levels (vigorous, moderate, walking and overall). Additionally, daily sitting time increased from 5 to 8 h per day. Food consumption and meal patterns (the type of food, eating out of control, snacks between meals, number of main meals) were more unhealthy during confinement, with only alcohol binge drinking decreasing significantly. Conclusion: While isolation is a necessary measure to protect public health, results indicate that it alters physical activity and eating behaviours in a health compromising direction. A more detailed analysis of survey data will allow for a segregation of these responses in different age groups, countries and other subgroups, which will help develop interventions to mitigate the negative lifestyle behaviours that have manifested during the COVID-19 confinement.
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              Prevalence and correlates of PTSD and depressive symptoms one month after the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in a sample of home-quarantined Chinese university students

              Background : When COVID-19 emerged in China in late 2019, most citizens were home-quarantined to prevent the spread of the virus. This study explored the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in a sample of home-quarantined college students to identify the psychological distress risk factors. Method : The PTSD and depressive symptoms in the 2485 participants from 6 universities were investigated using online survey versions of the PTSD Checklist Civilian Version and the 9-question Patient Health Questionnaires (PHQ-9), and data on sleep durations, exposure, home-quarantine time and socio-demographic variables were also collected. Results : The PTSD and depression prevalence were found to be 2.7% and 9.0%. Subjectively, feeling extreme fear was the most significant risk factor for psychological distress, followed by short sleep durations, being in their graduating year (4th year) and living in severely afflicted areas. Sleep durations was a mediator between exposures and mental health problems. Conclusions : The results suggested that the psychological consequences of the COVID-19 could be serious. Psychological interventions that reduce fear and improve sleep durations need to be made available to the home-quarantined university students, and graduating students and those in the worst-hit areas should be given priority focus.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: InvestigationRole: Validation
                Role: InvestigationRole: Validation
                Role: InvestigationRole: Validation
                Role: InvestigationRole: Resources
                Role: InvestigationRole: Resources
                Role: InvestigationRole: Resources
                Role: Data curationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS One
                plos
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                17 December 2021
                2021
                17 December 2021
                : 16
                : 12
                : e0260244
                Affiliations
                [1 ] School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
                [2 ] Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, United States of America
                [3 ] Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Hangzhou, China
                [4 ] Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
                [5 ] College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
                [6 ] Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
                [7 ] Hangzhou Urban Construction Investment Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
                University of Florida, UNITED STATES
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The commercial affiliation of all authors, including the company or department that provides the authors’ salary, does not have any conflict of interest with this study. We confirmed that "This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials" and declared that there is no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6838-3621
                Article
                PONE-D-20-34082
                10.1371/journal.pone.0260244
                8682873
                4da49a79-aa50-47a9-a7d3-7899292e9a61
                © 2021 Chen et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 30 October 2020
                : 7 November 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 5, Tables: 3, Pages: 17
                Funding
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;
                Award ID: 51878611
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004543, China Scholarship Council;
                Award ID: 201908330103
                Award Recipient :
                TC received research support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51878611), and she is a visiting scholar supported by a China Scholarship Council grant (201908330103). Additional, the Hangzhou Urban Construction Investment Group Co., Ltd provided support in the form of salaries for author [Jun Jiang], but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of authors are articulated in the ‘author contributions’section.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Nutrition
                Diet
                Food
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Nutrition
                Diet
                Food
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Epidemiology
                Pandemics
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Age Groups
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Medical Conditions
                Infectious Diseases
                Viral Diseases
                Covid 19
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Research Design
                Survey Research
                Surveys
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Physiology
                Physiological Processes
                Food Consumption
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Physiology
                Physiological Parameters
                Body Weight
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Epidemiology
                Quarantines
                Custom metadata
                All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files.
                COVID-19

                Uncategorized
                Uncategorized

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