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      Mortalidad y factores asociados en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en hemodiálisis en un hospital peruano Translated title: Mortality and associated factors in chronic kidney disease patients under hemodialysis in a Peruvian hospital

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción: La enfermedad renal crónica es un problema de salud en Perú. Objetivo: Determinar la mortalidad y los factores asociados en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en hemodiálisis de una población incidente en un hospital peruano. Material y Métodos: Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva, de los pacientes que ingresaron al programa de hemodiálisis crónica del hospital Antonio Lorena (Cusco-Perú), entre 2010-2016. Para el análisis de supervivencia se utilizó el método de Kaplan-Meier, para determinar los factores asociados a mortalidad se realizó la Regresión de Cox, se obtuvo el Hazard Ratio (HR) y sus intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC 95). Resultados: Se estudiaron 187 pacientes, con una mediana de edad de 57 años (rango intercuartílico: 43-66. El 47% (89) de los pacientes fallecieron durante el seguimiento. La tasa de mortalidad fue de 24 muertes/100 personas-por año (IC 95%: 19,6-29,6). La mediana de supervivencia fue de 2,8 años (IC 95%: 1,9-4,0). La dilatación de la aurícula izquierda en la ecocardiografía (HR: 2,63; IC 95%: 1,03-6,69; p=0,041), el recuento de leucocitos ≥ 12x103u/mm3 (HR: 6,86; IC 95%: 2,08-22,66; p=0,002), y la hemoglobina < 7 g/dL (HR: 3,62; IC 95%: 1,05-12,48; p=0,041) se asociaron a mortalidad. Conclusiones: Se encontró una baja frecuencia de supervivencia la misma que estuvo asociada a factores potencialmente modificables.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is a health problem in Perú. Objective: To determine the mortality and the associated factors in chronic kidney disease patients under hemodialysis in an incident population in a Peruvian hospital. Material and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in patients admitted to the chronic hemodialysis program at Hospital Antonio Lorena (Cusco-Peru), from 2010 to 2016. Kaplan-Meier method was used for the survival analysis to determine the factors associated with mortality, Cox´s Regression was carried out, obtaining Hazard Ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: A total of 187 patients were studied, with a mean age of 57 years (interquartile range: 43-66). The 47% (89) of patients died during follow-up. Mortality rate was 24 deaths / 100 people-per year (95% CI: 19.6-29.6). The mean survival rate was 2.8 years (95% CI: 1.9-4.0). Dilatation of the left atrium in the echocardiography (HR: 2.63; 95% CI: 1.03-6.69; p=0.041), a white blood cell count ≥ 12x103u/mm3 (HR: 6.86; 95% CI: 2.08-22.66; p=0.002), and hemoglobin <7 g/dL (HR: 3.62; 95% CI: 1.05-12.48; p=0.041) were associated with mortality. Conclusions: A low frequency of survival was found, which was associated with potentially modifiable factors.

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          Early mortality in patients starting dialysis appears to go unregistered.

          Clinical experience suggests a heightened risk associated with the transition to maintenance dialysis but few national studies have systematically examined early mortality trajectories. Here we calculated weekly mortality rates in the first year of treatment for 498,566 adults initiating maintenance dialysis in the United States (2005-2009). Mortality rates were initially unexpectedly low, peaked at 37.0 per 100 person-years in week 6, and declined steadily to 14.8 by week 51. In both early (weeks 7-12) and later (weeks 13-51) time frames, multivariate mortality associations included older age, female, Caucasian, non-Hispanic ethnicity, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) from hypertension and acute tubular necrosis, ischemic heart disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate of 15 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) or more, shorter duration of nephrologist care, and hemodialysis, especially with a catheter. For early mortality risk, adjusted hazard ratios of 2 or more were seen with age over 65 (5.80 vs. under 40 years), hemodialysis with a catheter (2.73 vs. fistula), and age 40-64 (2.33). For later mortality risk, adjusted hazard ratios of 2 or more were seen with age over 65 (4.32 vs. under 40 years), hemodialysis with a catheter (2.10 vs. fistula), and age 40-64 (2.00). Thus, low initial mortality rates question the accuracy of data collected and are consistent with deaths occurring in the early weeks after starting dialysis not being registered with the United States Renal Data System.
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            Hemodialysis Catheter-related Infection: Prophylaxis, Diagnosis and Treatment

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              Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Peruvian primary care setting

              Background Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem. There are few studies in Latin America, especially in primary care settings. Our objective was to determine the prevalence, stages, and associated factors of CKD in primary care setting. Methods We did a retrospective secondary analysis of a database from the Diabetes and Hypertension Primary Care Center of the Peruvian Social Security System (EsSalud) in Lima, Peru. We defined CKD as the presence of eGFR 30 mg/day in 24 h, according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Factors associated with CKD were evaluated with Poisson Regression models; these factors included age, gender, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), hypertension (HTN), body mass index (BMI), and uric acid. Associations were described as crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results We evaluated 1211 patients (women [59%], mean age 65.8 years [SD: 12.7]). Prevalence of CKD was 18%. Using the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), the prevalence was 9.3% (95% CI 5.3 – 13.3) in patients without HTN or DM2; 20.2% (95% CI 17.6 – 22.8) in patients with HTN, and 23.9% (95% CI 19.4 – 28.4) in patients with DM2. The most common stages were 1 and 2 with 41.5% and 48%, respectively. Factors associated with CKD in the adjusted analysis were: age in years (PR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 – 1.04), DM2 (PR = 3.37, 95% CI 1.09 – 10.39), HTN plus DM2 (PR = 3.90, 95% CI 1.54 – 9.88), and uric acid from 5 to <7 mg/dL (PR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.31 – 3.19) and ≥7 mg/dL (PR = 5.19, 95% CI 3.32 – 8.11). Conclusions Prevalence of CKD in the primary care setting population was high. CKD is more frequent in the early stages of the disease, and individuals with hypertension, DM2, older age and hyperuricemia have higher prevalence of CKD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12882-017-0655-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
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                Journal
                rhcm
                Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas
                Rev haban cienc méd
                Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de la Habana (La Habana, , Cuba )
                1729-519X
                February 2019
                : 164-175
                Affiliations
                [3] Cusco orgnameHospital Antonio Lorena orgdiv1Departamento de Nefrología y Hemodiálisis Perú
                [1] Cusco orgnameUniversidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud orgdiv2Escuela de Medicina Humana Perú
                [2] Lima Lima orgnameUniversidad San Ignacio de Loyola orgdiv1Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud Peru
                [4] Cusco orgnameUniversidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco orgdiv1Escuela de Medicina Humana orgdiv2Hospital Nacional Adolfo Guevara Velasco - EsSalud Perú
                [5] Huancayo orgnameCoordinación de Investigación, Universidad Continental Perú
                Article
                S1729-519X2019000100164
                054cd95d-c2ce-4de1-9edf-6e4f1596c25a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 August 2018
                : 25 January 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 24, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Cuba


                Survival,Public Health,Mortality,Hemodialysis,Chronic Kidney Disease,Salud Pública,Supervivencia,Mortalidad,Hemodiálisis,Enfermedad Renal Crónica

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