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Abstract

We aimed to describe the clinical and angiographic changes in an experimental model of autoimmune uveoretinitis and vasculitis in primates. Six cynomolgus monkeys received a single subcutaneous immunization with 100 microg of human S antigen with complete Freund's adjuvant. All the animals had a bilateral long-term disease occurring usually in 1 eye approximately 4 weeks after immunization, the second eye being involved 1-5 weeks later. A cyclic course of the disease could be demonstrated by repeated fundus fluorescein angiograms. The initial and principal manifestation consisted in retinal vascular sheathing affecting veins and venules. The more severe forms showed areas of posterior uveoretinitis, dense vitritis and anterior uveitis. A single systemic injection of pure human retinal S antigen could induce a chronic and recurrent ocular disease similar to human retinal vasculitis. 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel.

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Mitral regurgitation: relationship of noninvasive descriptors of right and left ventricular performance to clinical and hemodynamic findings and to prognosis in medically and surgically treated patients.

P Kligfield, J. S. Borer, C Hochreiter … (1986)

To determine objective predictors of survival, 53 patients with chronic, hemodynamically severe mitral regurgitation underwent rest and exercise radionuclide cineangiography, echocardiography, treadmill exercise testing, and ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring before prospective (average 30 month) follow-up. At entry, symptom status correlated best with radionuclide-based right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) and left atrial size, while treadmill exercise tolerance correlated best with RVEF during exercise (r = .48, p less than .005). Correspondingly, in 23 patients who underwent cardiac catheterization, pulmonary arterial systolic and wedge pressures were significantly inversely related to RVEF. On the 24 hr ambulatory electrocardiogram, nonsustained ventricular tachycardia was present in 29% of patients, most frequently when both RVEF and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were subnormal (p = .03 vs other patients). Since entry, 35 patients have been managed without surgery for 9 to 57 months (average 28); three of these who subsequently underwent operation also are among the 21 patients who have undergone mitral valve replacement (MVR). During the average 28 months of observation under medical treatment five of 35 nonoperated patients have died; all five were among the six nonoperated patients with RVEFs of 30% or less at entry, a descriptor that significantly identified those at high mortality risk (p less than .0001 vs patients with RVEFs greater than 30%). All five also were among the eight nonoperated patients with LVEFs of 45% or less (lower limit of normal), a descriptor that also significantly predicted mortality. Three of the 21 patients who underwent surgery have died, all late after MVR. Among operated patients, only age was a predictor of postoperative survival. A trend toward improved survival was found in the patients with depressed right or left ventricular ejection fraction who underwent surgery compared with those who did not.

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Preoperative Predictors of Late Postoperative Outcome among Patients with Nonischemic Mitral Regurgitation with 'High Risk' Descriptors and Comparison with Unoperated Patients

Detlef Wencker, Jeffrey Borer, Clare Hochreiter … (2000)

Among patients with chronic nonischemic mitral regurgitation (MR), high short-term mortality risk can be identified by left (LV) and/or right ventricular (RV) ejection fraction (EF) criteria (LVEF ≤45% and/or RVEF ≤30%). Mitral valve replacement or repair (MVR) significantly improves outcome in this subgroup, but predictors of late postoperative survival are not known, and the benefit of MVR has not been defined in patients matched for severity of LV and RV dysfunction. Therefore, prospective assessment of 14 consecutive high risk MR patients was performed before MVR and during 9 years (average) postoperatively to define echocardiographic and radionuclide angiographic predictors of survival; survival also was evaluated in a contemporaneous series of 9 high risk unoperated MR patients, and in subgroups of operated and unoperated patients matched for EF. Of 14 MVR patients, 4 died (3 cardiac: 1 sudden, 2 congestive heart failure). Only preoperative RVEF ≤20% significantly predicted postoperative deaths (rest p = 0.032; exercise p = 0.05). Of 9 unoperated patients, 8 died. Mortality risk of unoperated patients remained higher than that of MVR patients when groups were matched for preoperative LVEF (p = 0.0001). Among patients with RVEF >20%, MVR significantly improved survival versus medical treatment (rest: p < 0.0001, exercise: p = 0.0003). In high risk MR patients, MVR improves survival; preoperative RV performance can define subgroups with different long-term postoperative survival.

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A Simple and Rapid Method for Isolation of Retinal S Antigen

J.P. Faure, C. Dorey, J Cozette (1982)

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PubMed ID:: 18421236

DOI:: 10.1159/000119873

ScienceOpen disciplines: Chemistry

Keywords: Adjuvants, Immunologic,Animals,Arrestin,Disease Models, Animal,Disease Progression,Fluorescein Angiography,Follow-Up Studies,Freund's Adjuvant,Fundus Oculi,Immunization,adverse effects,Laser Coagulation,Macaca fascicularis,Microscopy, Acoustic,Recurrence,Retina,pathology,ultrasonography,Retinal Vasculitis,chemically induced,diagnosis,surgery,Retinal Vein,Retinitis,Severity of Illness Index,Uveitis,Vitreous Body

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Primate model of uveoretinitis and vasculitis/experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis induced in cynomolgus monkeys by retinal s antigen.

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Abstract

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Karger: Ophthalmology

Most cited references 5

Mitral regurgitation: relationship of noninvasive descriptors of right and left ventricular performance to clinical and hemodynamic findings and to prognosis in medically and surgically treated patients.

Preoperative Predictors of Late Postoperative Outcome among Patients with Nonischemic Mitral Regurgitation with 'High Risk' Descriptors and Comparison with Unoperated Patients

A Simple and Rapid Method for Isolation of Retinal S Antigen

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Primate model of uveoretinitis and vasculitis/experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis induced in cynomolgus monkeys by retinal s antigen.

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Karger: Ophthalmology

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