For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
42
views
74
references
 Top references
cited by
12
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      169
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Defining Global Gene Expression Changes of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Female sGnRH-Antisense Transgenic Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio)

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Background

          The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is critical in the development and regulation of reproduction in fish. The inhibition of neuropeptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) expression may diminish or severely hamper gonadal development due to it being the key regulator of the axis, and then provide a model for the comprehensive study of the expression patterns of genes with respect to the fish reproductive system.

          Methodology/Principal Findings

          In a previous study we injected 342 fertilized eggs from the common carp ( Cyprinus carpio) with a gene construct that expressed antisense sGnRH. Four years later, we found a total of 38 transgenic fish with abnormal or missing gonads. From this group we selected the 12 sterile females with abnormal ovaries in which we combined suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) and cDNA microarray analysis to define changes in gene expression of the HPG axis in the present study. As a result, nine, 28, and 212 genes were separately identified as being differentially expressed in hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovary, of which 87 genes were novel. The number of down- and up-regulated genes was five and four (hypothalamus), 16 and 12 (pituitary), 119 and 93 (ovary), respectively. Functional analyses showed that these genes involved in several biological processes, such as biosynthesis, organogenesis, metabolism pathways, immune systems, transport links, and apoptosis. Within these categories, significant genes for neuropeptides, gonadotropins, metabolic, oogenesis and inflammatory factors were identified.

          Conclusions/Significance

          This study indicated the progressive scaling-up effect of hypothalamic sGnRH antisense on the pituitary and ovary receptors of female carp and provided comprehensive data with respect to global changes in gene expression throughout the HPG signaling pathway, contributing towards improving our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and regulative pathways in the reproductive system of teleost fish.

          Related collections

          Most cited references74

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: not found
          • Article: not found

          Normalization for cDNA microarray data: a robust composite method addressing single and multiple slide systematic variation.

          Y. H. Yang (2002)
          There are many sources of systematic variation in cDNA microarray experiments which affect the measured gene expression levels (e.g. differences in labeling efficiency between the two fluorescent dyes). The term normalization refers to the process of removing such variation. A constant adjustment is often used to force the distribution of the intensity log ratios to have a median of zero for each slide. However, such global normalization approaches are not adequate in situations where dye biases can depend on spot overall intensity and/or spatial location within the array. This article proposes normalization methods that are based on robust local regression and account for intensity and spatial dependence in dye biases for different types of cDNA microarray experiments. The selection of appropriate controls for normalization is discussed and a novel set of controls (microarray sample pool, MSP) is introduced to aid in intensity-dependent normalization. Lastly, to allow for comparisons of expression levels across slides, a robust method based on maximum likelihood estimation is proposed to adjust for scale differences among slides.
          Article 0 comments Cited 803 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Energy converting NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (complex I).

            Ulrich Brandt (2006)
            NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (complex I) pumps protons across the inner membrane of mitochondria or the plasma membrane of many bacteria. Human complex I is involved in numerous pathological conditions and degenerative processes. With 14 central and up to 32 accessory subunits, complex I is among the largest membrane-bound protein assemblies. The peripheral arm of the L-shaped molecule contains flavine mononucleotide and eight or nine iron-sulfur clusters as redox prosthetic groups. Seven of the iron-sulfur clusters form a linear electron transfer chain between flavine and quinone. In most organisms, the seven most hydrophobic subunits forming the core of the membrane arm are encoded by the mitochondrial genome. Most central subunits have evolved from subunits of different hydrogenases and bacterial Na+/H+ antiporters. This evolutionary origin is reflected in three functional modules of complex I. The coupling mechanism of complex I most likely involves semiquinone intermediates that drive proton pumping through redox-linked conformational changes.
            Article 0 comments Cited 182 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Perspectives on fish gonadotropins and their receptors.

              B Levavi-Sivan, J Bogerd, E.L. Mañanós … (2010)
              Teleosts lack a hypophyseal portal system and hence neurohormones are carried by nerve fibers from the preoptic region to the pituitary. The various cell types in the teleost pituitary are organized in discrete domains. Fish possess two gonadotropins (GtH) similar to FSH and LH in other vertebrates; they are heterodimeric hormones that consist of a common alpha subunit non-covalently associated with a hormone-specific beta subunit. In recent years the availability of molecular cloning techniques allowed the isolation of the genes coding for the GtH subunits in 56 fish species representing at least 14 teleost orders. Advanced molecular engineering provides the technology to produce recombinant GtHs from isolated cDNAs. Various expression systems have been used for the production of recombinant proteins. Recombinant fish GtHs were produced for carp, seabream, channel and African catfish, goldfish, eel, tilapia, zebrafish, Manchurian trout and Orange-spotted grouper. The hypothalamus in fishes exerts its regulation on the release of the GtHs via several neurohormones such as GnRH, dopamine, GABA, PACAP, IGF-I, norepinephrine, NPY, kisspeptin, leptin and ghrelin. In addition, gonadal steroids and peptides exert their effects on the gonadotropins either directly or via the hypothalamus. All these are discussed in detail in this review. In mammals, the biological activities of FSH and LH are directed to different gonadal target cells through the cell-specific expression of the FSH receptor (FSHR) and LH receptor (LHR), respectively, and the interaction between each gonadotropin-receptor couple is highly selective. In contrast, the bioactivity of fish gonadotropins seems to be less specific as a result of promiscuous hormone-receptor interactions, while FSHR expression in Leydig cells explains the strong steroidogenic activity of FSH in certain fish species. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
              Article 0 comments Cited 92 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                : Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Journal ID (pmc): plosone
                Title: PLoS ONE
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                Publication date Collection: 2011
                Publication date (Electronic): 10 June 2011
                Volume: 6
                Issue: 6
                Electronic Location Identifier: e21057
                Affiliations
                [1 ]State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
                [2 ]Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
                Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore
                Author notes

                Conceived and designed the experiments: ZZ JX W. Hu. Performed the experiments: JX CZ. Analyzed the data: JX W. Huang DL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SL ZZ W. Hu. Wrote the paper: JX W. Huang W. Hu.

                Article
                Publisher ID: PONE-D-10-03140
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021057
                PMC ID: 3112210
                PubMed ID: 21695218
                SO-VID: 3fcfca39-519f-40d5-be91-25943ca19ae5
                Copyright © Xu et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
                History
                Date received : 8 October 2010
                Date accepted : 18 May 2011
                Page count
                Pages: 12
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Agriculture
                Subject: Animal Management
                Subject: Transgenic Animals
                Subject: Biology
                Subject: Anatomy and Physiology
                Subject: Endocrine System
                Subject: Endocrine Physiology
                Subject: Reproductive Endocrinology
                Subject: Reproductive System
                Subject: Reproductive Physiology
                Subject: Computational Biology
                Subject: Genomics
                Subject: Genome Expression Analysis
                Subject: Microarrays
                Subject: Genomics
                Subject: Genome Expression Analysis
                Subject: Zoology
                Subject: Ichthyology

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content169

                See all similar

                Cited by12

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors669

                See all reference authors