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      • Record: found
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      Screening for prostate cancer

      Author(s): 1 , 2 , 3 , 2 , 4
      Editor(s): Cochrane Urology Group
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
      Publisher: Wiley

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          Abstract

          <p class="first" id="d1045e98">Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews</p>

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          Most cited references222

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          Mortality results from a randomized prostate-cancer screening trial.

          Gerald Andriole, E David Crawford, Robert L Grubb … (2009)
          The effect of screening with prostate-specific-antigen (PSA) testing and digital rectal examination on the rate of death from prostate cancer is unknown. This is the first report from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial on prostate-cancer mortality. From 1993 through 2001, we randomly assigned 76,693 men at 10 U.S. study centers to receive either annual screening (38,343 subjects) or usual care as the control (38,350 subjects). Men in the screening group were offered annual PSA testing for 6 years and digital rectal examination for 4 years. The subjects and health care providers received the results and decided on the type of follow-up evaluation. Usual care sometimes included screening, as some organizations have recommended. The numbers of all cancers and deaths and causes of death were ascertained. In the screening group, rates of compliance were 85% for PSA testing and 86% for digital rectal examination. Rates of screening in the control group increased from 40% in the first year to 52% in the sixth year for PSA testing and ranged from 41 to 46% for digital rectal examination. After 7 years of follow-up, the incidence of prostate cancer per 10,000 person-years was 116 (2820 cancers) in the screening group and 95 (2322 cancers) in the control group (rate ratio, 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16 to 1.29). The incidence of death per 10,000 person-years was 2.0 (50 deaths) in the screening group and 1.7 (44 deaths) in the control group (rate ratio, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.70). The data at 10 years were 67% complete and consistent with these overall findings. After 7 to 10 years of follow-up, the rate of death from prostate cancer was very low and did not differ significantly between the two study groups. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00002540.) 2009 Massachusetts Medical Society
          Article 0 comments Cited 552 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Systematic reviews in health care: Investigating and dealing with publication and other biases in meta-analysis.

            J. A. Sterne, M. Egger, G D Smith (2001)
            Article 0 comments Cited 329 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Design of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial.

              Philip C Prorok, Gerald Andriole, Robert Bresalier … (2000)
              The objectives of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial are to determine in screenees ages 55-74 at entry whether screening with flexible sigmoidoscopy (60-cm sigmoidoscope) can reduce mortality from colorectal cancer, whether screening with chest X-ray can reduce mortality from lung cancer, whether screening men with digital rectal examination (DRE) plus serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) can reduce mortality from prostate cancer, and whether screening women with CA125 and transvaginal ultrasound (TVU) can reduce mortality from ovarian cancer. Secondary objectives are to assess screening variables other than mortality for each of the interventions including sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value; to assess incidence, stage, and survival of cancer cases; and to investigate biologic and/or prognostic characterizations of tumor tissue and biochemical products as intermediate endpoints. The design is a multicenter, two-armed, randomized trial with 37,000 females and 37,000 males in each of the two arms. In the intervention arm, the PSA and CA125 tests are performed at entry, then annually for 5 years. The DRE, TVU, and chest X-ray exams are performed at entry and then annually for 3 years. Sigmoidoscopy is performed at entry and then at the 5-year point. Participants in the control arm follow their usual medical care practices. Participants will be followed for at least 13 years from randomization to ascertain all cancers of the prostate, lung, colorectum, and ovary, as well as deaths from all causes. A pilot phase was undertaken to assess the randomization, screening, and data collection procedures of the trial and to estimate design parameters such as compliance and contamination levels. This paper describes eligibility, consent, and other design features of the trial, randomization and screening procedures, and an outline of the follow-up procedures. Sample-size calculations are reported, and a data analysis plan is presented.
              Article 0 comments Cited 223 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
                Publisher: Wiley
                ISSN (Electronic): 14651858
                Publication date (Electronic): January 31 2013
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Monash University; Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine; The Alfred Centre, Level 6, 99 Commercial Rd Melbourne Victoria Australia 3004
                [2 ]University of Florida; Department of Urology; PO Box 100247 Gainesville Florida USA 32610
                [3 ]University of South Florida; Tampa Florida USA
                [4 ]Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Gainesville Florida USA
                Article
                DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004720.pub3
                SO-VID: 4fe68e77-6851-4d12-88e6-83b3416f046f
                Copyright © © 2013
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