Overview of the Saudi National Mental Health Survey.

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Abstract

To present background information for the Saudi National Mental Health Survey (SNMHS) on the Saudi mental healthcare delivery system and previous epidemiological research on the prevalence and treatment of mental disorders in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).

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Family caregivers of people with dementia

Henry Brodaty, Marika Donkin (2009)

Family caregivers of people with dementia, often called the invisible second patients, are critical to the quality of life of the care recipients. The effects of being a family caregiver, though sometimes positive, are generally negative, with high rates of burden and psychological morbidity as well as social isolation, physical ill-health, and financial hardship. Caregivers vulnerable to adverse effects can be identified, as can factors which ameliorate or exacerbate burden and strain. Psychosocial interventions have been demonstrated to reduce caregiver burden and depression and delay nursing home admission. Comprehensive management of the patient with dementia includes building a partnership between health professionals and family caregivers, referral to Alzheimer's Associations, and psychosocial interventions where indicated.

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Adult depression screening in Saudi primary care: prevalence, instrument and cost

Waleed Al-Qadhi, Saeed ur Rahman, Mazen Ferwana … (2014)

Background By the year 2020 depression would be the second major cause of disability adjusted life years lost, as reported by the World Health Organization. Depression is a mental illness which causes persistent low mood, a sense of despair, and has multiple risk factors. Its prevalence in primary care varies between 15.3-22%, with global prevalence up to 13% and between 17-46% in Saudi Arabia. Despite several studies that have shown benefit of early diagnosis and cost-savings of up to 80%, physicians in primary care setting continue to miss out on 30-50% of depressed patients in their practices. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted at three large primary care centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia aiming at estimating point prevalence of depression and screening cost among primary care adult patients, and comparing Patient Health Questionnaires PHQ-2 with PHQ-9. Adult individuals were screened using Arabic version of PHQ-2 and PHQ-9. PHQ-2 scores were correlated with PHQ-9 scores using linear regression. A limited cost-analysis and cost saving estimates of depression screening was done using the Human Capital approach. Results Patients included in the survey analysis were 477, of whom 66.2% were females, 77.4% were married, and nearly 20% were illiterate. Patients exhibiting depressive symptoms on the basis of PHQ9 were 49.9%, of which 31% were mild, 13.4% moderate, 4.4% moderate-severe and 1.0% severe cases. Depression scores were significantly associated with female gender (p-value 0.049), and higher educational level (p-value 0.002). Regression analysis showed that PHQ-2 & PHQ-9 were strongly correlated R = 0.79, and R2 = 0.62. The cost-analysis showed savings of up to 500 SAR ($133) per adult patient screened once a year. Conclusion The point prevalence of screened depression is high in primary care visitors in Saudi Arabia. Gender and higher level of education were found to be significantly associated with screened depression. Majority of cases were mild to moderate, PHQ-2 was equivocal to PHQ 9 in utility and that screening for depression in primary care setting is cost saving.

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Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 1990–2010

Ziad Memish, Sara Jaber, Ali Mokdad … (2014)

Introduction We report the burden of disease and risk factors measured by causes of death, years of life lost attributable to premature mortality (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 1990, 2005, and 2010 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods We used the Global Burden of Diseases 2010 (GBD 2010) methodology to estimate the country-level burden of disease in KSA. We used data from systematic reviews of the literature, household survey data, antenatal clinic surveillance data, reportable disease notifications, disease registries, hospital admissions data, outpatient visit data, population-based cancer registries, active screening data, and other administrative data. Results Noncommunicable diseases and road traffic injuries became the leading cause of death and disability in KSA in 2010. Elevated body mass index was the leading risk factor for disease (7.02% for males and 4.61% for females in 2010). High glucose levels were the second leading disease risk factor for females (3.28%) and third for males (6.25%) in 2010. Preterm birth complications were the main cause for DALYs in 1990; however, in 2010, the leading cause of DALYs for males was road traffic injuries (12.40%) and for females it was major depressive disorder (7.88%). Conclusion KSA is facing a rising burden of noncommunicable diseases and road traffic injuries as a result of rapid changes in behaviors. Our results demonstrate the need for major intervention to reduce these burdens and to engage other sectors of the government and the community in these efforts.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Methods Psychiatr Res

Title: International journal of methods in psychiatric research

Publisher: Wiley

ISSN (Electronic): 1557-0657

ISSN (Print): 1049-8931

Publication date (Electronic): September 2020

Volume: 29

Issue: 3

Affiliations

[1 ] Edrak Medical Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

[2 ] SABIC Psychological Health Research & Applications Chair (SPHRAC), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

[3 ] National Center for Mental Health Promotion, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

[4 ] King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

[5 ] Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Article

DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1835

PMC ID: 7507437

PubMed ID: 33245612

SO-VID: 4bea7cc2-8d6b-4d22-bcaa-e935237a5f54

History

Keywords: Saudi National Mental Health Survey (SNMHS),The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA),The Saudi mental healthcare delivery system,WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative

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Keywords: Saudi National Mental Health Survey (SNMHS), The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), The Saudi mental healthcare delivery system, WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative

Overview of the Saudi National Mental Health Survey.

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King Salman Center for Disability Research - Sponsored Research Output

Most cited references 33

Family caregivers of people with dementia

Adult depression screening in Saudi primary care: prevalence, instrument and cost

Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 1990–2010

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