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      Cross-species affective neuroscience decoding of the primal affective experiences of humans and related animals.

      Author(s): 1
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: PloS one
      Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

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          Abstract

          The issue of whether other animals have internally felt experiences has vexed animal behavioral science since its inception. Although most investigators remain agnostic on such contentious issues, there is now abundant experimental evidence indicating that all mammals have negatively and positively-valenced emotional networks concentrated in homologous brain regions that mediate affective experiences when animals are emotionally aroused. That is what the neuroscientific evidence indicates.

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          Interoception: the sense of the physiological condition of the body.

          AD (Bud) Craig (2003)
          Converging evidence indicates that primates have a distinct cortical image of homeostatic afferent activity that reflects all aspects of the physiological condition of all tissues of the body. This interoceptive system, associated with autonomic motor control, is distinct from the exteroceptive system (cutaneous mechanoreception and proprioception) that guides somatic motor activity. The primary interoceptive representation in the dorsal posterior insula engenders distinct highly resolved feelings from the body that include pain, temperature, itch, sensual touch, muscular and visceral sensations, vasomotor activity, hunger, thirst, and 'air hunger'. In humans, a meta-representation of the primary interoceptive activity is engendered in the right anterior insula, which seems to provide the basis for the subjective image of the material self as a feeling (sentient) entity, that is, emotional awareness.
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            Subcortical and cortical brain activity during the feeling of self-generated emotions.

            A Damasio, T Grabowski, A Bechara … (2000)
            In a series of [15O]PET experiments aimed at investigating the neural basis of emotion and feeling, 41 normal subjects recalled and re-experienced personal life episodes marked by sadness, happiness, anger or fear. We tested the hypothesis that the process of feeling emotions requires the participation of brain regions, such as the somatosensory cortices and the upper brainstem nuclei, that are involved in the mapping and/or regulation of internal organism states. Such areas were indeed engaged, underscoring the close relationship between emotion and homeostasis. The findings also lend support to the idea that the subjective process of feeling emotions is partly grounded in dynamic neural maps, which represent several aspects of the organism's continuously changing internal state.
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              Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation of septal area and other regions of rat brain.

              James Olds, Peter Milner (1954)
              Article 0 comments Cited 380 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS One
                Title: PloS one
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                ISSN (Print): 1932-6203
                Publication date (Electronic): 2011
                Volume: 6
                Issue: 9
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Veterinary & Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America. jpanksepp@vetmed.wsu.edu
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: PONE-D-11-02008
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021236
                PMC ID: 3168430
                PubMed ID: 21915252
                SO-VID: ab308142-0853-44e3-a14a-491a41bd10b0
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