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      Substanzkonsum und substanzbezogene Störungen in Deutschland im Jahr 2012

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      Hogrefe Publishing Group

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          Exploring the dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of several alcohol-related conditions: a meta-analysis.

          To compare the strength of the evidence provided by the epidemiological literature on the association between alcohol consumption and the risk of six cancers (oral cavity, oesophagus, colorectum, liver, larynx, breast), hypertension, cerebrovascular diseases, gastric and duodenal ulcer, liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases, pancreatitis and injures and adverse effects. A search of the epidemiological literature from 1966 to 1998 was performed by several bibliographic databases. Meta-regression models were fitted considering fixed and random models and linear and non-linear effects of alcohol intake on the risk of each condition. The effects of some characteristics of the studies including an index of their quality were considered as putative sources of heterogeneity of the estimates. Publication bias was also investigated by asymmetry of funnel plots. Of the 397 initially reviewed studies, 200 were selected for meta-analysis. Since qualitative characteristics of the studies were often significant sources of heterogeneity among them, the estimates of the pooled dose-response slopes were based only on the 123 studies with higher quality score and/or reporting adjusted estimates of relative risks. Higher alcohol-related risks were found for liver cirrhosis, neoplasms of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts, haemorrhagic stroke and injuries and adverse effects. Weaker but significant associations were found for colorectum, liver and breast cancers, essential hypertension and chronic pancreatitis. For all these conditions, low intakes, corresponding to daily consumption of two drinks or two glasses of wine (25 g/day), have shown significant risks. Ischaemic stroke and gastric and duodenal ulcer seem independent of alcohol intake. The area in which the study was performed, the study's design and the outcome variable differently affected the slopes. The small number of sufficiently reliable studies, the strong indications of heterogeneity across them and the suspicion of publication bias suggest that there is a great need for well-conducted epidemiological studies performed in several countries, to examine the dose-response relationship between alcohol intake and the risk of several alcohol-related conditions, as well as the role of drinking pattern in determining the risk.
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            Prevalence and correlates of DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence in Australia: findings of the 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing.

            To report nationally representative data on the prevalence and correlates (including psychiatric comorbidity and treatment) of DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence in Australian adults. The 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing (NSMHWB). Australian nationally representative household survey. 8841 Australian adults (16-85 years). Interview schedule that assessed symptoms of the most prevalent DSM-IV mental disorders in the life-time and the past 12 months. Prevalence of life-time and 12-month disorders was 18.3% and 2.9% for alcohol abuse and 3.9% and 1.4% for alcohol dependence. Current alcohol abuse and dependence was significantly more common in males and younger adults. There were significant associations between current alcohol use and other drug use disorders (OR 18.2) and between anxiety disorders and alcohol use disorders (OR 2.6). Only 22.4% of those with alcohol use disorders were treated for their alcohol disorder. Alcohol use disorders are highly prevalent, especially among young adult males. Comorbidity between anxiety and other drug use disorders is common and remains a significant challenge for the delivery of effective health-care services and treatment. The low rate of effective interventions for alcohol problems is a significant public health concern. © 2010 The Authors, Addiction © 2010 Society for the Study of Addiction.
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              Patterns of polydrug use in Great Britain: findings from a national household population survey.

              Polydrug use potentially increases the likelihood of harm. As little is known about polydrug use patterns in the general population, it is difficult to determine patterns associated with highest likelihood. Latent class analysis was performed on nine illicit substance groups indicating past year use of cannabis, cocaine, amphetamines, ecstasy, LSD, mushrooms, amyl nitrate, tranquillisers and heroin or crack. Analyses were based on data from a large multi-stage probability sample of the population of Great Britain (n=8538) collected in 2000. Multinomial logistic regression was performed highlighting associations between classes, and demographic and mental health variables. A three class solution best described patterns of polydrug use; wide range, moderate range, and no polydrug use. For males and young people, there was a significantly increased chance of being in the wide and moderate range polydrug use groups compared to the no polydrug use class. Hazardous drinking was more likely in the wide and moderate polydrug classes with odds ratios of 9.99 and 2.38 (respectively) compared to the no polydrug use class. Current smokers were more likely to be wide and moderate range polydrug users compared to the no polydrug use class with odds ratios of 4.53 and 5.85 respectively. A range of mental health variables were also related to class membership. Polydrug use in Great Britain can be expressed as three distinct classes. Hazardous alcohol use and tobacco use were strongly associated with illicit polydrug use, polydrug use appeared to be significantly associated with mental health, particularly lifetime suicide attempts. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                SUCHT
                SUCHT
                Hogrefe Publishing Group
                0939-5911
                1664-2856
                January 2013
                January 2013
                : 59
                : 6
                : 321-331
                Article
                10.1024/0939-5911.a000275
                2d449fbd-3559-4476-bcf3-a87a70534362
                © 2013

                The Hogrefe OpenMind License is based on and identical to the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial License Version 3.0. (The full Hogrefe OpenMind license has also been published as an open access article.)

                History

                Nursing,Psychology,Social & Behavioral Sciences,Health & Social care
                Nursing, Psychology, Social & Behavioral Sciences, Health & Social care

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