There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.
Abstract
The class of rhotics is subject to extensive variation, and a reliable phonetic correlate
has not been found. This variation is also why identifying a segment as a rhotic in
an unknown language is not a trivial matter. In contrast to other phonological classes
whose membership is attributed based on principled criteria, the set of rhotics is
arbitrary. This article identifies two properties independent of phonetics which characterize
rhotics cross-linguistically PROCEDURAL STABILITY —rhotics that are implicated in
phonological processes can vary in a phonetically arbitrary manner without perturbing
the process itself—and DIACHRONIC STABILITY : the phonetics of rhotics can vary in
diachronic evolution without impact on their phonotactics. On the empirical side the
article establishes a cross-linguistic survey of the phonetic variability of rhotics.
It is also argued that the phonetic realization of a rhotic may be unpredictable and
divorced from its phonological identity and this shows that languages are happy to
instantiate an arbitrary phonetics-phonology relationship. Finally, it is argued that
rhotics show that the interface which maps phonological objects to their phonetic
instantiations is capable of handling an arbitrary relationship. Further, there is
no reason to assume that this property of the interface is specific to rhotics; in
principle, all phonetic and phonological categories could enter into an arbitrary
relationship. This has important implications for theories which seek to impose phonetic
or naturalness based constraints on phonology: it is difficult to see how the relationship
between a phonetic object which has no obvious articulatory connection to its phonological
representation could be considered phonetically natural. Rhotics thus provide support
for the view of substance-free phonology whereby phonological objects are devoid of
any reference to phonetic categories.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use,
distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source
are credited. See
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/