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      A platinum prodrug conjugated with a photosensitizer with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics for drug activation monitoring and combinatorial photodynamic–chemotherapy against cisplatin resistant cancer cells

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          Abstract

          A platinum prodrug conjugated with an AIE photosensitizer was developed for drug activation monitoring and combinatorial photodynamic–chemotherapy.

          Abstract

          A targeted and image-guided platinum prodrug conjugated with a photosensitizer with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics was designed for real-time and in situ drug activation monitoring in cancer cells as well as combinational photodynamic–chemotherapy against cisplatin resistant cancer cells.

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          Aggregation-induced emission: the whole is more brilliant than the parts.

          Ju Mei, Yuning Hong, Jacky W. Y. Lam … (2014)
          "United we stand, divided we fall."--Aesop. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) refers to a photophysical phenomenon shown by a group of luminogenic materials that are non-emissive when they are dissolved in good solvents as molecules but become highly luminescent when they are clustered in poor solvents or solid state as aggregates. In this Review we summarize the recent progresses made in the area of AIE research. We conduct mechanistic analyses of the AIE processes, unify the restriction of intramolecular motions (RIM) as the main cause for the AIE effects, and derive RIM-based molecular engineering strategies for the design of new AIE luminogens (AIEgens). Typical examples of the newly developed AIEgens and their high-tech applications as optoelectronic materials, chemical sensors and biomedical probes are presented and discussed.
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            Specific light-up bioprobes based on AIEgen conjugates.

            Jing Liang, Ben Tang, Bin Liu (2015)
            Driven by the high demand for sensitive and specific tools for optical sensing and imaging, bioprobes with various working mechanisms and advanced functionalities are flourishing at an incredible speed. Conventional fluorescent probes suffer from the notorious effect of aggregation-caused quenching that imposes limitation on their labelling efficiency or concentration to achieve desired sensitivity. The recently emerged fluorogens with an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) feature offer a timely remedy to tackle the challenge. Utilizing the unique properties of AIE fluorogens (AIEgens), specific light-up probes have been constructed through functionalization with recognition elements, showing advantages such as low background interference, a high signal to noise ratio and superior photostability with activatable therapeutic effects. In this tutorial review, we summarize the recent progress in the development of specific AIEgen-based light-up bioprobes. Through illustration of their operation mechanisms and application examples, we hope to provide guidelines for the design of more advanced AIE sensing and imaging platforms with high selectivity, great sensitivity and wide adaptability to a broad range of biomedical applications.
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              Targeting and delivery of platinum-based anticancer drugs.

              Zijian Guo, Xiaoyong Wang (2013)
              Platinum-based anticancer drugs occupy a crucial role in the treatment of various malignant tumours. However, the efficacy and applicability of platinum drugs are heavily restricted by severe systemic toxicities and drug resistance. Different drug targeting and delivery (DTD) strategies have been developed to prevent the shortcomings of platinum-based chemotherapy. These approaches can be roughly categorized into two groups; namely, active and passive tactics. Active DTD is realized through specific molecular interactions between the drugs and cell or tissue elements, while passive DTD is achieved by exploiting the enhanced permeability and retention effect in tumour tissues. The principal methods for active DTD include conjugation of platinum drugs with selective targeting moieties or encapsulation of platinum drugs in host molecules. Bioactive substances such as hormones, carbohydrates, bisphosphonates, peptides and proteins are commonly used in active DTD. Passive DTD generally involves the fabrication of functionalized polymers or nanoparticles and the subsequent conjugation of platinum drugs with such entities. Polymeric micelles, liposomes, nanotubes and nanoparticles are frequently used in passive DTD. In some cases, both active and passive mechanisms are involved in one DTD system. This review concentrates on various targeting and delivery techniques for improving the efficacy and reducing the side effects of platinum-based anticancer drugs. The content covers most of the related literatures published since 2006. These innovative tactics represent current state-of-the-art developments in platinum-based anticancer drugs.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CHCOFS
                Title: Chemical Communications
                Abbreviated Title: Chem. Commun.
                Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
                ISSN (Print): 1359-7345
                ISSN (Electronic): 1364-548X
                Publication date Created: 2015
                Publication date (Electronic): 2015
                Volume: 51
                Issue: 41
                Pages: 8626-8629
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
                [2 ]National University of Singapore
                [3 ]Singapore
                [4 ]Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
                [5 ]Agency for Science
                Article
                DOI: 10.1039/C5CC01952D
                SO-VID: bb50053e-17d6-4b32-880e-6b994a8725c0
                Copyright © © 2015
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